Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.

Short Communication - Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases (2022) Volume 7, Issue 4

Nutrient digestion and absorption is the complex and specific task of the gastrointestinal system.

Matt Hayatt *

Department of Gastroenterology, University of Malaga, 29071 Málaga, Tomelloso, Spain

*Corresponding Author:
Matt Hayatt
Department of Gastroenterology
University of Malaga
29071 Málaga, Tomelloso, Spain
E-mail:hayatt7698@vodafone.es

Received: 28-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. JGDD-22-120; Editor assigned: 30-Mar-2022, PreQC No. JGDD-22-120(PQ); Reviewed: 13-Apr-2022, QC No. JGDD-22-120; Revised: 20-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. JGDD-22-120(R); Published: 27-Apr-2022, DOI:10.35841/jgdd-7.4.120

Citation: Hayatt M. Nutrient digestion and absorption is the complex and specific task of the gastrointestinal system. J Gastroenterology Dig Dis. 2022;7(4):120

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases

Abstract

The intestinal wall muscles combine food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine and drive the mixture forward for digestion. The small intestine's walls absorb water and digested nutrients into the circulation. Nutritional nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and fluids enter the body through the gastrointestinal system. Proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates are broken down into absorbable units (digested) in the small intestine, although not solely. The digestive products, vitamins, minerals, and water pass through the mucosa and into the lymph or bloodstream (absorption). The digestion of big foods is a well-ordered process requiring a large number of digestive enzymes. The salivary glands' enzymes attack carbohydrates (and fats in some species); the stomach's enzymes attack proteins and fats; and the exocrine component of the pancreas’ enzymes destroys carbs, proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA. The luminal membranes and cytoplasm of the cells that line the small intestine include additional enzymes that finish the digesting process. The hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach and the bile secreted by the liver help the enzymes work.

Introduction

Nutrient balance gastrointestinal tract

Nutrient balance by gastrointestinal tract the proximal-to-distal gradient in functional activity of microvillus enzymes and transporters, nutrient absorption can result in increased levels of the small intestine, albeit at varying speeds. Some substances are only absorbed in certain parts of the small intestine; for example, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and water- and fat-soluble vitamins are mostly ingested in the duodenum and proximal jejunum.

Impact of Nutrient balance gastrointestinal tract

For humans and animals, dietary protein and its metabolites, amino acids, are important nutrients. The gut microbiota mediates the crosstalk between protein metabolism and the host immune response, according to study. In the gastrointestinal system, gut microbes are involved in the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and modification of dietary protein. Amino acids can be converted into a variety of microbial metabolites, which are involved in a variety of physiological processes related to host health and disease. The composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are influenced by the components of dietary protein. Dietary protein source, concentration, and amino acid balance are all important determinants in the composition, shape, and function of gut bacteria. Increased amounts of undigested protein result in an increase in pathogenic bacteria, raising the risk of metabolic disorders. The interaction between dietary protein and gut microbiota composition and function is summarised in this paper, which will aid in uncovering the probable mechanism of gut bacteria on gastrointestinal tract health [1].

Nutrient absorption

The mucosal barrier plays a vital role in many physiologic functions, including digestion, absorption, and metabolism, where the host and external environment interact primarily in the gastrointestinal tract. This barrier allows nutrients to get through and be absorbed, but it also has to manage the interface between luminal antigens and the immune system, keeping unwanted products in the lumen. Diet is a key regulator of the mucosal barrier, and the interaction of dietary variables, the immune system, and the microbiota is essential for modulating intestinal permeability and maintaining gastrointestinal tract homeostasis. The role of a number of dietary elements that have been hypothesised as regulators of inflammation and epithelial barrier function is discussed in this article. This is capable of elaborating a wide range of nutrients and synthesising high-value goods improved understanding of the role of dietary nutrients in inflammation and barrier function could aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with mucosal barrier dysfunction, which is a key element in the pathophysiology of many GI and non-GI illnesses [2].

Dietary of nutrient absorption

Fructose consumption has been linked to an increase in obesity and cancer, two of the world's major causes of illness and mortality. Dietary fructose metabolism starts in the small intestinal epithelium, where fructose is transported by glucose transporter type 5 and phosphorylated by ketohexokinase to create fructose 1-phosphate, which builds up to high levels in the cell. In various animal models, dietary fructose promotes intestinal cell survival and increases intestinal villus length. In mice fed a high-fat diet, an increase in villus length increases the surface area of the stomach, increasing nutrition absorption and obesity [3].

Gastrointestinal absorption

The highly polarised epithelial cell layer that forms the small and large intestine mucosa absorbs all nutrients from the diet into the blood. Both passive and active pathways for nutrient transport are controlled and effective by functional specialisations in the gastrointestinal tract. The present level of knowledge about the mechanism of intestinal absorption of essential nutrients such as salt, anions, carbohydrates, amino acids and peptides, lipids, lipid- and water-soluble vitamins, as well as major minerals and micronutrients, is summarised in this chapter. The following chapters focus on the pathophysiology of acquired and congenital intestinal malabsorption, as well as clinical techniques to test for it and treat malabsorptive symptoms [4].

Conclusion

It's unknown whether taking Nutrients with caffeine or nitrates have any added benefits. Nutrients boost exercise performance through a variety of physiological consequences. Even so, it appears that a portion of Nutrients' ergogenic impact is placebo-driven.

References

  1. Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu H, et al. Dietary protein and gut microbiota composition and function. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2019;20(2):145-54.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Farré R, Fiorani M, Rahiman SA, et al. Intestinal permeability, inflammation and the role of nutrients. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1185.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. Taylor SR, Ramsamooj S, Liang RJ, et al. Dietary fructose improves intestinal cell survival and nutrient absorption. Nature. 2021;597(7875):263-7.

    4. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  4. Kiela PR, Ghishan FK. Physiology of intestinal absorption and secretion. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;30(2):145-59.

    5. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Get the App