The Cognitive Neuroscience Journal

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.
Reach Us +1 (202) 780-3397

Opinion Article - The Cognitive Neuroscience Journal (2023) Volume 6, Issue 5

Navigating the Balance: Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders

Lerario *

Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, USA

*Corresponding Author:
Lerario
Department of Psychiatry
The Zucker Hillside Hospital
Glen Oaks, USA
E-mail: LE@gmail.com

Received:26-Sept-2023, Manuscript No. AACNJ-23- 115910; Editor assigned:28-Sep -2023, PreQC No. AACNJ-23- 115910 (PQ); Reviewed:11-Oct-2023, QC No. AACNJ-23- 115910; Revised:16-Oct-2023, Manuscript No. AACNJ-23- 115910 (R); Published:24-Oct-2023, DOI:10.35841/ aacnj-6.5.171

Citation: Lerario S. Navigating the Balance: Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders. J Cogn Neurosci. 2023;6(5):171

Visit for more related articles at The Cognitive Neuroscience Journal

Introduction

The human brain is a remarkable organ that requires a constant and uninterrupted supply of oxygen and nutrients to function optimally. This vital task is carried out by the intricate network of blood vessels within the brain. Cerebrovascular autoregulation, a sophisticated physiological mechanism, ensures that cerebral blood flow remains stable even in the face of changing blood pressure. In this article, we will explore the critical role of cerebrovascular autoregulation in large vessel occlusive stroke and cerebrovascular disorders [1].

Understanding cerebrovascular autoregulation

 

Cerebrovascular autoregulation is the brain's self-regulating mechanism that maintains a relatively constant Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) over a range of systemic blood pressures. This remarkable system enables the brain to adapt to fluctuations in blood pressure, ensuring that it receives an adequate supply of oxygen and glucose, while also preventing excessive pressure that could damage delicate brain tissue. The autoregulatory range is the range of systemic blood pressures over which CBF remains relatively constant. In healthy adults, this range typically falls between Mean Arterial Pressures (MAP) of 60 to 150 mmHg. Within this range, the brain's blood vessels, specifically the cerebral arteries and arterioles, adjust their diameter to maintain a stable CBF. In large vessel occlusive stroke, a blood clot or thrombus blocks a major cerebral artery, disrupting blood flow to a significant portion of the brain. This sudden reduction in blood supply triggers a cascade of events that can lead to neurological deficits and, if not promptly treated, permanent brain damage [2].

The role of autoregulation in stroke

 

Cerebrovascular autoregulation plays a pivotal role in the context of stroke. When a large vessel becomes occluded, the autoregulatory response can be compromised. Impaired Autoregulation: The obstructed blood vessel prevents blood from flowing to downstream brain tissue. Without immediate restoration of blood flow, the brain becomes increasingly vulnerable to ischemia (insufficient blood supply). Pressure-Dependent Perfusion: Outside the autoregulatory range, CBF becomes pressure-dependent. In cases of severe hypertension or hypotension, the brain may not be able to adapt, leading to inadequate or excessive perfusion. Ischemic Penumbra: In a stroke, there is a region known as the ischemic penumbra surrounding the infarcted core. The penumbra is an area with compromised but salvageable brain tissue. Autoregulation in the penumbral region is critical, as it determines the extent of viable brain tissue [3].

 

 

Understanding the interplay between cerebrovascular autoregulation and large vessel occlusive stroke has significant clinical implications In acute ischemic stroke, timely intervention is crucial. Thrombolytic therapy or mechanical thrombectomy aims to restore blood flow before irreversible damage occurs. Protecting the ischemic penumbra is a focus of stroke treatment. Therapies aim to optimize blood pressure and cerebral perfusion within the autoregulatory range to salvage as much viable tissue as possible [4].

 

Hemodynamic Monitoring: Monitoring blood pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure is essential in the management of stroke patients to ensure that interventions are tailored to individual needs. Cerebrovascular autoregulation is a marvel of neurophysiology, ensuring that the brain receives a consistent supply of blood even when external conditions change. In the context of large vessel occlusive stroke and cerebrovascular disorders, understanding this mechanism is crucial for clinicians and researchers. Timely interventions that consider the delicate balance of autoregulation can be the difference between recovery and irreversible brain damage, underscoring the vital role of this physiological system in preserving brain function and health [5].

References

  1. Mitsias P, Levine SR. Cerebrovascular complications of Fabry's disease. Ann Child Neurol. 1996 Jul;40(1):8-17.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Powers WJ. Cerebral hemodynamics in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Ann Child Neurol. 1991;29(3):231-40.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. Wimmer ML, Sandmann-Strupp R, Saikku P, et al. Association of chlamydial infection with cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1996;27(12):2207-10.

    4. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  4. Veglio F, Paglieri C, Rabbia F, et al. Hypertension and cerebrovascular damage. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205(2):331-41.

    5. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  5. Wolfe F, Freundlich B, Straus WL. Increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 2003;30(1):36-40.

    6. Indexed at, Google Scholar

Get the App