Materials Science and Nanotechnology

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Perspective - Materials Science and Nanotechnology (2023) Volume 7, Issue 2

Nano-biointerfaces: The intersection of nanotechnology and biology.

Steve Walker*

Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea

Corresponding Author:
Steve Walker
Division of Biotechnology
Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Daegu, Republic of Korea.
E-mail: w.steven@dgist.ac.kr

Received: 29-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. AAMSN-23-96776; Editor assigned: 30-Mar-2023, PreQC No. AAMSN-23-96776 (PQ); Reviewed: 14-Apr-2023, QC No. AAMSN-23-96776; Revised: 19-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. AAMSN-23-96776 (R); Published: 25-Apr-2023, DOI:10.35841/aamsn- 7.2.145

Citation: Steve W. Nano-biointerfaces: The intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Mater Sci Nanotechnol. 2023;7(2):145

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Nano-biointerfaces refer to the interface between biological systems and nanomaterials, which have the potential to revolutionize various fields, including medicine, environmental monitoring, and energy production. These interfaces offer unique advantages, such as improved sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity in detecting and manipulating biological systems.

The field of nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities to design and engineer materials at the nanoscale. The unique properties of nanomaterials, such as their high surface area-to-volume ratio, allow for the manipulation of biological systems at a level not previously possible. Furthermore, the use of nanomaterials in biological systems has opened up new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases [1].

One example of nano-biointerfaces is the use of nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery. Nanoparticles can be engineered to specifically target cancer cells and deliver drugs directly to them, reducing the damage to healthy cells in the body. Additionally, nanomaterials can be used to improve the efficacy of existing drugs, by enhancing their solubility and bioavailability.

Another example is the use of nanomaterials in biosensors for disease detection. These biosensors can be designed to detect disease biomarkers at very low concentrations, improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Moreover, the integration of nanomaterials with biological systems can lead to the development of real-time monitoring systems for various physiological parameters. Nanomaterials can also be used in environmental monitoring, such as detecting pollutants and toxins in water or air. The high sensitivity and specificity of nanomaterials allow for the detection of even trace amounts of contaminants, which can lead to early detection and prevention of environmental hazards [2].

However, the use of nanomaterials in biological systems also poses significant challenges, such as potential toxicity and immune responses. Therefore, the safety and biocompatibility of nanomaterials must be thoroughly investigated before their use in biological systems. Nano-biointerfaces offer exciting opportunities for the development of new technologies and therapies in various fields. The intersection of nanotechnology and biology has the potential to transform medicine, environmental monitoring, and energy production, among others. However, it is important to address the safety and biocompatibility concerns associated with nanomaterials to ensure their safe and effective use in biological systems [3].

In addition to tissue engineering, nanomaterials can be used to improve medical imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). By functionalizing nanoparticles with targeting ligands, such as antibodies or peptides, they can be used to specifically label and image disease markers. This enables early detection and diagnosis of diseases, as well as monitoring of disease progression and treatment efficacy. Another promising application of nano-biointerfaces is in the field of neuroengineering, where nanomaterials are used to interface with the nervous system for various applications, such as brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) and neural prostheses [4].

By using nanomaterials to create biocompatible electrodes, it is possible to record and stimulate neural activity with high precision, enabling the development of advanced BMIs and prostheses. Moreover, nano-biointerfaces have the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine, where nanomaterials can be used to deliver growth factors and other signalling molecules to promote tissue regeneration. By functionalizing nanomaterials with specific ligands, they can be targeted to specific tissues or cells, enabling precise control over the regeneration process [5].

References

  1. Soprano E, Polo E, Pelaz B, et al. Biomimetic cell-derived nanocarriers in cancer research. J Nanobiotechnology. 2022;20(1):538.

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  2. Franklin T, Yang R. Vapor-deposited biointerfaces and bacteria: an evolving conversation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2019;6(1):182-97.

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  3. Hori K, Yoshimoto S, Yoshino T, et al. Recent advances in research on biointerfaces: From cell surfaces to artificial interfaces. J Biosci Bioeng. 2022.

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  4. Chang B, Zhang M, Qing G, et al. Dynamic biointerfaces: from recognition to function. Small. 2015;11(9-10):1097-112.

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  5. Hou K, Yang C, Shi J, et al. Nano-and Microscale Optical and Electrical Biointerfaces and Their Relevance to Energy Research. Small. 2021;17(34):2100165.

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