Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Rapid Communication - Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023) Volume 13, Issue 102

Material of function for proteomics and genomics at the micro scale.

Annelise Keong *

Department of Cancer Biology, University of Strandboulevarden, Denmark

*Corresponding Author:
Annelise Keong
Department of Cancer Biology
University of Strandboulevarden
Denmark
E-mail: Keong@lise.dk

Received:30-Oct-2023, Manuscript No. AABPS-23-119408; Editor assigned:30-Oct-2023, PreQC No. AABPS-23-119408 (PQ); Reviewed:16-Nov-2023, QC No. AABPS-23-119408; Revised:21-Nov-2023, Manuscript No. AABPS-23-119408 (R); Published:28-Nov-2023, DOI:10.35841/ aabps-13.102.209

Citation: Keong A. Material of function for proteomics and genomics at the micro scale. Asian J Biomed Pharmaceut Sci. 2023;13(102):209

Introduction

Proteomics and genomics are two branches of molecular biology that have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological world. These fields deal with the study of proteins and genes, respectively, at the micro scale. To conduct research in proteomics and genomics, scientists rely on an array of materials and techniques to analyze, manipulate, and comprehend the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern life. In this article, we will explore the essential materials used in these fields, shedding light on how they enable groundbreaking discoveries and Genomics is centered on the study of genes, which are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) [ 1, 2].

To extract these nucleic acids from biological samples, researchers use specialized kits that contain reagents and materials designed to purify and isolate DNA or RNA. These kits ensure high-quality nucleic acid preparations and are crucial for various genomics techniques, including PCR, sequencing, and gene expression analysis. PCR is a fundamental technique in genomics that enables the amplification of specific DNA sequences. To perform PCR, scientists use materials such as DNA polymerases, primers, and nucleotide solutions. DNA polymerases, such as Taq polymerase, catalyze the replication of DNA strands, while primers serve as starting points for DNA synthesis [3, 4].

Nucleotide solutions provide the raw materials (A, T, C, G) for building new DNA strands during PCR. In proteomics, the study of proteins at the micro scale, techniques like sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) are used to separate proteins based on size. Key materials for protein electrophoresis include polyacrylamide gels, SDS, and buffer solutions. These materials facilitate the separation of proteins according to their molecular weights and are essential for analyzing protein expression levels and purity. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool in proteomics that allows researchers to identify and quantify proteins [5, 6].

To prepare samples for mass spectrometry, proteomics scientists use materials like trypsin for protein digestion, peptide desalting columns, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices. Trypsin cleaves proteins into smaller peptides, and peptide desalting columns remove impurities before mass spectrometry analysis. Microarray technology plays a vital role in both genomics and proteomics. Microarray chips are coated with DNA probes or antibodies, enabling the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes or proteins in a single experiment [7, 8].

The production of microarray chips requires specialized materials, including glass slides, printing pins, and fluorescent dyes. These chips are valuable for gene expression profiling, SNP analysis, and protein-protein interaction studies. Microfluidics is an emerging field that offers precise control of small volumes of liquids, making it ideal for micro scale proteomics and genomics experiments. Materials like silicone elastomers and polymers are used to create microfluidic devices, enabling the automation of sample handling, reaction mixing, and separation. Microfluidic devices are employed in DNA sequencing, protein crystallization, and single-cell analysis [9, 10].

Conclusion

The fields of proteomics and genomics have made incredible strides in our understanding of molecular biology, genetics, and human health. These advancements are made possible through the utilization of specialized materials and techniques designed for microscale research. From nucleic acid extraction kits and PCR materials in genomics to protein electrophoresis, mass spectrometry samples, microarray chips, and microfluidic devices in proteomics, these materials are the building blocks of groundbreaking discoveries.

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