Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology

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Mini Review - Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology (2023) Volume 7, Issue 2

Malaria: A deadly parasitic disease with global impact.

Saleha Begum*

Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.

*Corresponding Author:
Saleha Begum
Department of Medical
University of Oxford
UK
E-mail:begum.s345@tropmedres.ac

Received:17-Feb-2023,Manuscript No. AAJIDMM-23-90749;Editor assigned: 20-Mar-2023, PreQC No. AAJIDMM-23-90749 (PQ);Reviewed:06-Mar-2023, QC No. AAJIDMM-23-90749;Revised:09-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. AAJIDMM-23-90749(R); Published:16-Mar-2023, DOI:10.35841/ aajidmm-7.2.136

Citation: Begum S. Malaria: A deadly parasitic disease with global impact. J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2023;7(2):136

Abstract

Malaria is a potentially deadly infectious disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The disease is prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, but it also occurs in parts of Asia, South America, and the Middle East. The symptoms of malaria typically appear 10-15 days after infection and include fever, chills, headache, and flu-like symptoms. In severe cases, the disease can progress rapidly, leading to complications such as anaemia, respiratory distress, and organ failure. Children under five year’s old, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to the disease.

Abstract

Malaria is a potentially deadly infectious disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The disease is prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, but it also occurs in parts of Asia, South America, and the Middle East. The symptoms of malaria typically appear 10-15 days after infection and include fever, chills, headache, and flu-like symptoms. In severe cases, the disease can progress rapidly, leading to complications such as anaemia, respiratory distress, and organ failure. Children under five year’s old, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to the disease.

Keywords

Parasite Spread, Shaking Chills, High Fever, And Female Anopheles Mosquitoes.

 

Introduction

Malaria can be diagnosed through blood tests, and treatment typically involves a course of antimalarial medication. However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the parasite has made treatment more challenging in some parts of the world. Prevention is a crucial aspect of malaria control. Measures such as using insecticide-treated bed nets, spraying insecticides in homes, and taking prophylactic medication can reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, efforts to eliminate mosquito breeding sites and improve access to healthcare in affected regions can help to control the spread of the disease [1].

Malaria is a significant global health challenge, with an estimated 229 million cases and 409,000 deaths worldwide in 2019. However, significant progress has been made in recent years, with a 21% reduction in global malaria cases and a 31% reduction in malaria mortality between 2010 and 2019. Continued investment in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is essential to further reduce the burden of malaria and eventually eliminate the disease altogether [2].

Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which has several species that can infect humans. The most deadly species is Plasmodium falciparum, which accounts for the majority of malaria cases and deaths worldwide. Other species that can infect humans include Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malaria, and Plasmodium oval. The transmission of malaria occurs when infected mosquitoes bite humans and inject the parasite into the bloodstream. Once inside the body, the parasite multiplies and infects red blood cells, leading to the symptoms of the disease. Malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusions or sharing of needles, but these modes of transmission are less common [3].

The symptoms of malaria can vary depending on the species of the parasite and the individual's immune response. In addition to fever, chills, headache, and flu-like symptoms, malaria can cause severe complications such as cerebral malaria, which can result in seizures, coma, and brain damage. Pregnant women with malaria are also at risk of complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and low birth weight. Diagnosis of malaria typically involves a blood test to detect the presence of the parasite. Rapid diagnostic tests are available that can provide results within minutes, allowing for quick treatment. Treatment of malaria involves antimalarial medications, which can be taken orally or through injection. However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the parasite has made treatment more challenging in some areas [4].

Prevention of malaria is essential to control its spread. In addition to the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, other measures such as reducing mosquito breeding sites, controlling mosquito populations, and improving access to healthcare can help to prevent and control malaria. Vaccines against malaria are also in development and could provide a new tool in the fight against the disease.[5].

Conclusion

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of cases and deaths occur. However, significant progress has been made in recent years, with increased funding and efforts to improve access to prevention and treatment. Continued investment in malaria control is essential to achieve the global goal of eliminating malaria by 2030.

 

References

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