Ophthalmology Case Reports

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Case Report - Ophthalmology Case Reports (2025) Volume 9, Issue 1

LASIK vs. PRK: Comparing Two Popular Refractive Eye Surgeries

Emily Parker*

Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Southern Health Sciences University, United States

*Corresponding Author:
Emily Parker
Department of Clinical Ophthalmology
Southern Health Sciences University, United States
E-mail: emily.parker@southernhsc.edu

Received: 09-Feb-2025, Manuscript No. OER-25-161105; Editor assigned: 10-Feb-2025, Pre QC No. OER-25-161105 (PQ); Reviewed: 22-Feb-2025, QC No. OER-25-161105; Revised: 25-Feb-2025, Manuscript No. OER-25-161105 (R); Published: 28-Feb-2025, DOI: 10.35841/oer-9.1.252

Citation: Parker E. LASIK vs. PRK: Comparing Two Popular Refractive Eye Surgeries. Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2025;9(1):252

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Introduction

Laser eye surgeries have revolutionized the field of vision correction, offering people the chance to reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses. Two of the most popular types of refractive surgery are LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) and PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy). Both procedures correct common vision problems such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism, but they differ in their approach and recovery process. This article compares LASIK and PRK to help prospective patients make informed decisions about which procedure may be best for them [1].

LASIK and PRK are both laser eye surgeries that use excimer lasers to reshape the cornea, the transparent layer at the front of the eye, to improve how light is focused onto the retina. The main difference between the two procedures lies in how the outer layer of the cornea, known as the epithelium, is treated. LASIK involves creating a thin flap in the cornea, while PRK removes the outermost layer entirely before reshaping the cornea. Both surgeries are safe, effective, and have been widely used for decades [2].

During LASIK surgery, a surgeon creates a thin flap in the cornea using either a microkeratome (a mechanical blade) or a femtosecond laser. The flap is then lifted, and the underlying corneal tissue is reshaped with an excimer laser. After the laser reshaping, the flap is repositioned, and it naturally adheres without the need for stitches. LASIK is known for its quick procedure time—usually around 15 minutes per eye—and relatively fast recovery period. Most patients experience improved vision within a day or two [3].

PRK is slightly different in that no flap is created. Instead, the surgeon removes the thin outer layer of the cornea (the epithelium) completely. Once the epithelium is removed, the underlying corneal tissue is reshaped using the same excimer laser used in LASIK. Afterward, the epithelium regenerates over the course of a few days. Because PRK does not involve cutting a flap, it is often recommended for patients with thinner corneas or those involved in contact sports, as there is no risk of flap-related complications [4].

One of the major differences between LASIK and PRK is the recovery time. LASIK patients typically experience improved vision within 24 to 48 hours and can return to most normal activities within a few days. PRK, on the other hand, has a longer recovery period because the epithelium needs time to regenerate. Patients may experience blurred vision, discomfort, and sensitivity to light for up to a week following PRK, and it can take several weeks to a few months for vision to fully stabilize. Despite the longer recovery, PRK offers excellent long-term results [5].

The choice between LASIK and PRK often depends on the patient’s unique eye characteristics. LASIK is generally suitable for an individual with a healthy, thick cornea, as creating the corneal flap requires sufficient corneal tissue. PRK, however, is an excellent option for patients with thinner corneas or those at higher risk of eye trauma, such as athletes or military personnel. Additionally, patients with dry eye syndrome may benefit more from PRK, as the removal of the epithelium can promote healing and reduce dryness [6].

Both LASIK and PRK provide excellent visual outcomes, with the vast majority of patients achieving 20/20 vision or better. Studies have shown that the long-term results of both surgeries are comparable, with high levels of patient satisfaction. However, PRK may offer more stable long-term results for certain individuals, particularly those with thin corneas or irregularities. LASIK, while highly effective, can carry a slightly higher risk of complications related to the corneal flap, such as flap dislocation or epithelial ingrowth [7].

As with any surgery, both LASIK and PRK come with potential risks and complications. LASIK carries a slightly higher risk of flap-related issues, including infection, dislocation, or incomplete healing of the flap. Additionally, patients may experience dry eyes, glare, or halos around lights, particularly at night. PRK, while free from flap complications, can result in prolonged discomfort during the healing process, as well as a higher risk of haze (a cloudy appearance in the cornea) during recovery. Both procedures, however, have an excellent safety record, with serious complications being rare [8].

The cost of LASIK and PRK surgeries is relatively similar, with prices typically ranging between $2,000 to $3,000 per eye, depending on the surgeon's experience, location, and technology used. While LASIK may appear more expensive initially due to its quicker recovery, PRK can sometimes involve additional post-surgery follow-ups and medications, which may increase the overall cost. Most insurance plans consider these surgeries elective, so they are not usually covered. However, some vision insurance plans or health savings accounts (HSAs) may provide partial reimbursement [9].

Advancements in laser technology have improved both LASIK and PRK procedures over the years. Custom LASIK, for example, uses wavefront-guided technology to create a more precise map of the patient’s eye, leading to better visual outcomes and reduced side effects such as glare and halos. Similar improvements have been made in PRK, with newer lasers providing more accurate and gentler corneal reshaping. These advancements have expanded the pool of eligible candidates for both surgeries and enhanced the safety and effectiveness of the procedures [10].

Conclusion

Ultimately, the choice between LASIK and PRK depends on your individual eye health, lifestyle, and visual goals. LASIK is often favored for its quick recovery and minimal discomfort, making it ideal for patients seeking immediate results. PRK, on the other hand, is a better option for individuals with thinner corneas, dry eyes, or those who engage in activities that put them at risk for eye injury. Both procedures offer excellent long-term results and the potential for a life free from glasses or contacts. A thorough consultation with an experienced eye surgeon can help determine which procedure is best suited to your needs.

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