Journal of Fisheries Research

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Rapid Communication - Journal of Fisheries Research (2025) Volume 9, Issue 1

Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Fisheries: A Review of Global Trends and Adaptation Strategies

Jonathan Reynolds*

Department of Marine Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

*Corresponding Author:
Jonathan Reynolds
Department of Marine Sciences
University of California, Berkeley, USA.
E-mail: jonathan.reynolds@berkeley.edu

Received: 03-Feb-2025, Manuscript No. AAJFR-25-157839; Editor assigned: 04-Feb-2025, PreQC No. AAJFR-25-157839(PQ); Reviewed: 18-Feb-2025, QC No AAJFR-25-157839; Revised: 21-Feb-2025, Manuscript No. AAJFR-25-157839(R); Published: 28-Feb-2025, DOI:10.35841/aajfr-9.1.254

Citation: Reynolds J. Impact of climate change on coastal fisheries: A review of global trends and adaptation strategies. J Fish Res. 2025;9(1):254.

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Introduction

The impact of climate change on coastal fisheries has become a critical issue as rising global temperatures and shifting weather patterns disrupt marine ecosystems. Coastal fisheries, which provide food security and livelihoods for millions, are highly vulnerable to changes in oceanic conditions such as sea temperature rise, ocean acidification, and altered currents. These environmental shifts affect fish population dynamics, species distribution, and overall productivity, posing significant challenges for sustainable fisheries management [1].

Warming ocean waters are altering the geographic range of many commercially important fish species. Cold-water species are moving poleward or to deeper waters in search of suitable habitats, while warmer water species are expanding their range into previously cooler regions [2]. This shift in distribution has disrupted traditional fishing grounds, affecting harvests and leading to conflicts over fishing rights and resource access. For example, the migration of mackerel and herring into new territories in the North Atlantic has caused disputes between countries over quota allocations. Such conflicts illustrate the socio-economic implications of climate-induced changes in fishery resources [3].

Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide, further threatens marine biodiversity. Shellfish, including oysters and mussels, are particularly vulnerable to acidic waters that impair their ability to form shells. This reduction in shellfish populations affects coastal ecosystems and the economies dependent on them. Coral reefs, vital for fish nurseries and coastal protection, are also suffering from bleaching events linked to temperature rises. As these reefs deteriorate, the fish species that rely on them decline, impacting local fisheries that depend on reef-associated resources [4].

Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and cyclones, are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. These events can devastate fishing infrastructure, including boats, ports, and processing facilities, leading to economic losses and disruptions in fish supply chains. Small-scale fishers in developing countries are particularly at risk, as they often lack the resources to recover quickly from such disasters. The loss of fishing days due to hazardous conditions further exacerbates economic vulnerability [5].

To address these challenges, adaptation strategies are being developed and implemented globally. Enhanced fisheries management frameworks that incorporate climate models are crucial for anticipating changes and adjusting harvest regulations accordingly [6]. Establishing dynamic, flexible quota systems and transboundary management agreements can help mitigate resource conflicts arising from shifting fish stocks. Marine protected areas designed with climate resilience in mind offer another adaptive measure by conserving critical habitats and enhancing ecosystem stability [7].

Technological innovations also play a role in adaptation. Improved monitoring systems using satellite and sensor technologies enable real-time tracking of environmental changes and fish distributions [8]. This data can inform better decision-making and reduce the risk of overfishing. Investments in aquaculture, particularly in climate-resilient species, provide an alternative to wild capture fisheries and help stabilize food supplies [9].

Community-based approaches are integral to successful adaptation. Empowering local fishing communities with knowledge and resources to implement sustainable practices fosters resilience. Diversification of livelihoods, capacity-building programs, and financial safety nets, such as insurance schemes for fishers, can reduce vulnerability to climate impacts. Collaborative governance involving multiple stakeholders enhances adaptive capacity by integrating scientific research, policy, and local knowledge [10].

Conclusion

In conclusion, climate change presents profound challenges to coastal fisheries worldwide. The disruption of ecosystems, shifts in species distribution, and increased frequency of extreme weather events have far-reaching implications for food security, livelihoods, and marine biodiversity. Addressing these impacts requires a comprehensive and dynamic approach that integrates scientific innovation, adaptive management, and community engagement. Proactive adaptation strategies, combined with global efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, are essential to securing the future of coastal fisheries in an era of rapid environmental change.

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