Journal of Molecular Oncology Research

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.
Reach Us +1 (202) 780-3397

Rapid Communication - Journal of Molecular Oncology Research (2024) Volume 8, Issue 1

Immunotherapy: Harnessing the power of the immune system against cancer.

Hazal Semerci *

Department of Cardiology, La Paz University Hospital, Spain

*Corresponding Author:

Department of Cardiology
La Paz University Hospital
Spain
E-mail: hazal@semerci.es

Received:27-Dec-2023, Manuscript No. AAMOR-24-136479; Editor assigned:01-Jan-2024, PreQC No. AAMOR-24-136479 (PQ); Reviewed:15-Jan-2024, QC No. AAMOR-24-136479; Revised:22-Jan-2024, Manuscript No. AAMOR-24-136479 (R); Published:29-Jan-2024, DOI:10.35841/ 8.1.216

Citation: Semerci H. Chemotherapy: A lifeline in the battle against cancer. J Mol Oncol Res. 2024;8(1):216

Introduction

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Molecular Oncology Research

Chemotherapy, a cornerstone of cancer treatment, has been a powerful weapon in the fight against this formidable disease for decades. As a systemic therapy, chemotherapy targets rapidly dividing cancer cells throughout the body, offering hope to millions of patients diagnosed with various malignancies. However, its journey from discovery to clinical application is marked by significant advancements, challenges, and a continuous quest for improvement. Let's explore the intricate world of chemotherapy, delving into its principles, impact, and future directions [1, 2].

In the relentless fight against cancer, chemotherapy has long stood as a beacon of hope, offering a powerful means to combat a wide array of malignancies. Since its inception, chemotherapy has saved millions of lives, transforming the prognosis for many cancer patients and pushing the boundaries of medical science. As a cornerstone of cancer treatment, it works by targeting rapidly dividing cells, aiming to eradicate cancerous growths. Let's delve deeper into the world of chemotherapy, exploring its mechanisms, applications, challenges, and future directions [3,4].

These drugs, including cyclophosphamide and cisplatin, bind to DNA strands, causing cross-links and breaks that prevent cell replication. Drugs like methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil mimic natural cellular substances, interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis. Paclitaxel and vincristine disrupt the mitotic spindle, halting cell division at the mitosis stage. Doxorubicin and etoposide inhibit enzymes essential for DNA replication and repair, leading to DNA damage. Bleomycin and daunorubicin intercalate into DNA, blocking transcription and causing DNA strand breaks. Chemotherapy is versatile and can be used in various clinical contexts. Administered post-surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells and prevent recurrence [5, 6].

Given before surgery to shrink tumors, facilitating easier removal. Aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life in advanced cancer stages. Combination chemotherapy, where multiple drugs with different actions are used together, enhances treatment efficacy and helps prevent drug resistance. Tailoring regimens to specific cancer types and patient characteristics is crucial for optimizing outcomes. While chemotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, it is not without challenges. The cytotoxic nature of chemotherapy means it can also damage healthy cells, particularly those that divide rapidly, such as cells in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles. Reduced blood cell production, increasing infection risk, anemia, and bleeding. Commonly managed with antiemetic medications. A well-known but often distressing side effect.[7, 8].

A significant impact on patients' quality of life .Advances in supportive care have mitigated many of these side effects, but the quest for more targeted and less toxic treatments continues. The future of chemotherapy lies in enhancing its precision and reducing its side effects Combining chemotherapy with agents that specifically target cancer cells, sparing normal tissues and reducing toxicity. Integrating chemotherapy with immune-based treatments to harness the body's immune system in attacking cancer cells. Utilizing nanoparticles to deliver chemotherapy directly to tumors, increasing efficacy and minimizing systemic side effects. Tailoring chemotherapy regimens based on the genetic and molecular profile of each patient's cancer, optimizing treatment response and minimizing adverse effects [9, 10].

Conclusion

Chemotherapy remains a critical component in the arsenal against cancer, providing a lifeline to countless patients worldwide. Its ability to target and destroy cancer cells has significantly improved survival rates and quality of life for many. As research advances, the integration of chemotherapy with new therapeutic modalities promises to enhance its effectiveness and reduce its side effects, offering even greater hope for the future. In the ongoing battle against cancer, chemotherapy continues to be a vital tool, embodying both the challenges and triumphs of modern medicine.

References

  1. Awad AB, Fink CS, Williams H, et al. In vitro and in vivo (SCID mice) effects of phytosterols on the growth and dissemination of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2001;10:507-13.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Zhuang L, Kim J, Adam RM, et al. Cholesterol targeting alters lipid raft composition and cell survival in prostate cancer cells and xenografts. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:959-68.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. Llaverias G, Danilo C, Wang Y, et al.   . Am J Pathol. 2010;177:3180-91.

    4. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  4. Bravi F, Scotti L, Bosetti C, et al . Self-reported history of hypercholesterolaemia and gallstones and the risk of prostate cancer. J Eur Soc Med. 2006;17:1014-17.

    5. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  5. Jacobs EJ, Rodriguez C, Bain EB, et al. Cholesterol-lowering drugs and advanced prostate cancer incidence in a large U.S. cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2007;16:2213-17.

    6. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  6. Chavez-Dominguez R, Perez-Medina M, Lopez-Gonzalez JS, et al. The double-edge sword of autophagy in cancer: from tumor suppression to pro-tumor activity. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1-19

    7. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  7. Mulcahy Levy JM, Thorburn A. Autophagy in cancer: Moving from understanding mechanism to improving therapy responses in patients. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27: 843-57

    8. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  8. Marinkovic M, ?prung M, Buljuba?ic M, et al. Autophagy modulation in cancer: Current knowledge on action and therapy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018.

    9. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  9. Qu X, Yu J, Bhagat G, et al. Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene. J Clin Investig. 2003;112:1809-20

    10. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  10. Yue Z, Jin S, Yang C, et al. Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Natl Acad Sci. 2003;100:15077-82

    11. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

     

Get the App