Journal of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

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Opinion Article - Journal of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (2023) Volume 5, Issue 5

Herpesvirus: A persistent intruder of the human host

Frank Willing *

Department of Microbiology, University of Southern California, USA.

*Corresponding Author:
Frank Willing
Department of Microbiology, University of Southern California, USA.
University of Southern California
USA
E-mail: Frank.willi@gmail.com

Received:26-Sept-2023, Manuscript No. AACPLM-23-115535; Editor assigned:28-Sept-2023, PreQC No. AACPLM-23-115535(PQ); Reviewed:11-Oct-2023, QC No. AACPLM-23-115535; Revised:16-Oct-2023, Manuscript No. AACPLM-23-115535(R); Published:23-Oct-2023, DOI:10.35841/ aacplm-5.5.174

Citation: Willing F. Herpesvirus: A persistent intruder of the human host. J Clin Path Lab Med. 2023;5(5):174.

Introduction

Herpes viruses are a family of viruses known for their ability to establish lifelong infections within their hosts. These viruses, belonging to the Herpesviridae family, include well-known pathogens like Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this article, we delve into the world of herpes viruses, exploring their characteristics, common infections, and the ongoing quest for effective treatments [1].

Herpes viruses are large, double-stranded DNA viruses with a unique life cycle characterized by latency and reactivation. There are eight herpes virus species known to infect humans, classified into three subfamilies: Alpha Herpesviruses: This subfamily includes HSV-1, which primarily causes oral herpes (cold sores), and HSV-2, responsible for genital herpes. These viruses establish latent infections in sensory ganglia and can periodically reactivate, leading to recurrent outbreaks. Beta Herpes viruses: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of this subfamily, causes chickenpox during the primary infection and can later reactivate to cause shingles (herpes zoster). Gamma Herpesviruses: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are prominent members of this subfamily. EBV is associated with infectious mononucleosis and is linked to various cancers, including Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. KSHV is responsible for Kaposi's sarcoma and other malignancies in immunocompromised individuals [2].

Oral Herpes (HSV-1): HSV-1 often presents as cold sores or fever blisters on or around the mouth. It is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact. Genital Herpes (HSV-2): HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes, characterized by painful sores in the genital and anal regions. It is also transmitted through sexual contact. Chickenpox (VZV): VZV causes chickenpox in children and, after becoming latent, can reactivate in adulthood as shingles, characterized by painful skin rashes. Mononucleosis (EBV): EBV infection is responsible for infectious mononucleosis, often known as the "kissing disease" due to its transmission through saliva. It can lead to sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KSHV): KSHV is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, a rare cancer often seen in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS [3].

There is no cure for herpesvirus infections, but antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks. Prevention measures include, Safe Sex: Using condoms and practicing safe sex can reduce the risk of contracting or transmitting genital herpes. Vaccination: Vaccines are available for chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). Efforts are ongoing to develop vaccines for other herpesviruses. Hygiene: Practicing good hygiene, avoiding contact with active lesions, and refraining from kissing or sharing items with someone during an outbreak can help prevent herpesvirus transmission [4].

Herpesviruses are widespread and have coexisted with humans for millennia. While they are generally considered chronic but manageable infections, they can lead to serious complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Ongoing research aims to better understand the complexities of herpesvirus latency, reactivation, and transmission, with the hope of developing more effective treatments and prevention strategies. Until then, awareness and education remain essential in reducing the impact of these persistent intruders of the human host [5].

References

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