Journal of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine

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Opinion Article - Journal of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine (2024) Volume 8, Issue 6

Geriatric Care: Promoting Health and Well-being in Older Adults.

Fernanai Louaurai*

Department of Physiotherapy, Harvard University of Cambridge, USA

*Corresponding Author:
Bantan Viuley
Department of Physiotherapy,
Harvard University of Cambridge,
USA,
E-mail:fernanailouaurai@lau.ac.us

Received: 02-Nov-2024, Manuscript No. AAJPTSM-24-155562; Editor assigned: 05-Nov-2024, PreQC No. AAJPTSM-24-155562;(PQ); Reviewed: 21-Nov-2024, QC No AAJPTSM-24-155562; Revised: 25-Nov-2024, QC No AAJPTSM-24-155562; Published: 30-Nov-2024, DOI:10.35841/aajptsm-8.6.237.

Citation:Louaurai F. Geriatric care: Promoting health and well-being in older adults. J Phys Ther Sports Med. 2024; 8(6):237.

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Abstract

  

Introduction

Geriatric care refers to the specialized medical and supportive services provided to older adults to address their unique healthcare needs. As the global population ages, the demand for effective geriatric care has increased significantly. Older adults often face complex medical conditions, chronic illnesses, and social challenges that require a comprehensive approach to healthcare [1].

Geriatric care focuses not only on managing diseases but also on improving the quality of life, promoting independence, and enhancing the overall well-being of elderly individuals. Geriatric care is essential because older adults often experience multiple health conditions simultaneously, known as. These conditions may include chronic diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, dementia, and osteoporosis. Multimorbidity in the elderly can lead to a variety of complications, making it harder for them to manage their health and daily activities. Moreover, the aging process itself brings about physiological changes that impact the body’s ability to respond to illness or injury [2].

the immune system weakens with age, and the ability to recover from surgery or trauma slows down. Older adults are also more likely to suffer from cognitive decline, including conditions like Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. As a result, a personalized and holistic approach to care is necessary to address these multifaceted needs [3].

A Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a key component of geriatric care. It is an interdisciplinary approach to assessing an older adult's physical health, mental health, functional status, and social circumstances. The CGA is typically performed by a team of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, social workers, and therapists. This assessment helps identify the medical, psychological, and social issues that may be affecting the patient’s well-being [4].

By considering all aspects of the individual’s health, a tailored care plan can be developed to address specific needs. The CGA also allows for the early detection of conditions like depression, frailty, cognitive decline, and malnutrition, which may otherwise go unnoticed. Managing chronic diseases is a critical aspect of geriatric care. As people age, they often develop multiple chronic conditions that require ongoing management and monitoring. Common chronic conditions in older adults include diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and heart disease. Effective chronic disease management helps prevent complications, reduces hospitalizations, and improves the overall quality of life for older adults. In geriatric care, the management of chronic diseases is not only focused on controlling symptoms but also on optimizing the individual’s functional independence [5].

This may involve coordinating medications, monitoring vital signs, educating patients on self-care, and adjusting treatment plans to accommodate the patient’s lifestyle and preferences. Cognitive decline is one of the most significant challenges in geriatric care. Conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia affect millions of elderly individuals worldwide. Dementia care involves not only medical treatment but also support for the individual’s cognitive, emotional, and social needs. Early diagnosis of cognitive impairments is crucial in geriatric care, as it enables healthcare providers to initiate interventions that can delay the progression of the disease and improve the patient’s quality of life [6].

These interventions may include medications, cognitive therapies, and social activities designed to stimulate brain function. Additionally, caregiving strategies play an essential role in managing dementia. Family members and professional caregivers need education and training on how to care for individuals with dementia. This includes understanding behavioral challenges, managing agitation, and promoting communication and engagement. Physical and functional rehabilitation is a key element in maintaining the independence of older adults. As individuals age, they may experience declines in mobility, strength, and coordination, which can lead to falls, fractures, and a loss of independence. Rehabilitation services, including physical therapy and occupational therapy, aim to restore or maintain physical function. Physical therapy focuses on improving strength, balance, flexibility, and mobility [7].

It can help prevent falls, improve gait, and enhance overall physical health. Occupational therapy helps older adults with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as dressing, bathing, cooking, and managing household tasks. It also aids in adapting the living environment to meet the individual’s needs, thereby promoting independence and safety. As individuals age, the need for palliative care becomes more prevalent. Palliative care is focused on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of serious illnesses, with the goal of improving the quality of life for patients and their families. It is not limited to end-of-life care but also involves managing chronic conditions that affect an individual’s well-being [8].

Palliative care for older adults includes pain management, emotional support, and assistance with making healthcare decisions. For those nearing the end of life, hospice care may be necessary. Hospice care focuses on comfort and quality of life rather than curative treatments. It provides comprehensive support to both the patient and the family, ensuring that the elderly person’s final days are as comfortable and dignified as possible. Social isolation and loneliness are significant issues among older adults. These factors can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Geriatric care not only addresses the medical needs of elderly individuals but also emphasizes the importance of social and emotional well-being. Providing social support through community programs, family involvement, and peer interactions can improve the mental health and quality of life for older adults [9].

Psychological support, including counseling and therapy, can help seniors cope with depression, anxiety, and grief. Encouraging activities that promote engagement, such as volunteering, attending senior centers, or participating in social events, can also help reduce isolation. Despite its importance, geriatric care faces several challenges. One of the primary issues is the shortage of geriatric care specialists. There is a growing need for healthcare providers who are trained to understand the complexities of aging and are equipped to manage the specific needs of elderly patients. Another challenge is the financial burden of geriatric care, particularly for long-term care services. Many older adults may struggle with the costs associated with home health care, nursing homes, and specialized treatments. Insurance coverage may not always cover the full range of services required, leading to financial strain on families. Additionally, the prejudice or discrimination based on age—remains an obstacle in healthcare, leading to a lack of attention or respect for the needs and preferences of older adults [10].

Conclusion

Geriatric care plays a vital role in promoting the health and well-being of older adults. It involves a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to managing chronic diseases, cognitive decline, physical disabilities, and emotional well-being. As the elderly population continues to grow, the need for specialized geriatric care will only increase. By focusing on individualized care plans, early interventions, and improving accessibility, healthcare systems can ensure that older adults live their later years with dignity, independence, and a high quality of life. A strong emphasis on education, support, and resources for both healthcare providers and families is crucial to addressing the diverse needs of the aging population.

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