Research in Clinical Dermatology

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.

Rapid Communication - Research in Clinical Dermatology (2025) Volume 8, Issue 2

Fungal Infections of the Skin: Identification and Management Strategies

Roxana Chan *

Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

*Corresponding Author:
Roxana Chan
Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
E-mail: roxana.chan@usp.br

Received: 1-Mar-2025, Manuscript No. aarcd-25-162362; Editor assigned: 4-Mar-2025, PreQC No. aarcd-25-162362 (PQ) Reviewed:17-Mar-2025, QC No. aarcd-25-162362Revised:24-Mar-2025, Manuscript No. aarcd-25-162362; Published:31-Mar-2025, DOI: 10.35841/aarcd- 8.2.258

Citation: Chan R. Fungal infections of the skin: Identification and management strategies. Res Clin Dermatol. 2025;8(2):258

Visit for more related articles at Research in Clinical Dermatology

Introduction

Fungal infections of the skin are common dermatological conditions caused by various fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. These infections can affect different parts of the body, leading to discomfort, itching, and skin damage. Identifying fungal infections accurately and implementing appropriate management strategies are essential for effective treatment and prevention of recurrence [1].

Fungal infections of the skin are primarily classified based on the causative fungi and the affected area. Dermatophytoses, commonly known as ringworm or tinea infections, include tinea corporis (body), tinea pedis (feet), tinea cruris (groin), tinea capitis (scalp), and tinea unguium (nails). These infections present with characteristic red, scaly, itchy lesions, often with a central clearing [2].

Yeast infections, caused by Candida species, frequently affect moist and warm body areas, such as the armpits, groin, and skin folds. These infections manifest as red, inflamed, and sometimes oozing patches, often accompanied by satellite pustules. Malassezia, another yeast genus, is responsible for pityriasis versicolor, a condition characterized by hypopigmented or hyperpigmented scaly patches, commonly found on the chest, back, and upper arms [3].

Diagnosing fungal infections typically involves clinical examination, microscopic evaluation, and culture tests. Physicians often use potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation to examine skin scrapings under a microscope, revealing fungal hyphae or spores. Fungal cultures help identify the specific fungal species, while Wood’s lamp examination aids in diagnosing conditions like tinea capitis and pityriasis versicolor by highlighting fluorescence patterns [4].

Topical antifungal agents are the first line of treatment for mild-to-moderate fungal infections. Azoles (clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole) and allylamines (terbinafine, naftifine) are commonly used to inhibit fungal growth. Ciclopirox and tolnaftate are also effective topical options. Patients should apply these medications for at least two to four weeks to prevent recurrence. Keeping the affected area clean and dry is crucial in preventing fungal proliferation [5].

In cases of extensive, recurrent, or deep-seated fungal infections, systemic antifungal therapy may be required. Oral terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, and griseofulvin are commonly prescribed. Tinea capitis and onychomycosis (fungal nail infections) often necessitate systemic treatment due to poor topical drug penetration. Treatment duration varies, ranging from several weeks to months, depending on the severity and site of infection [6].

Preventing fungal infections requires proper hygiene, moisture control, and avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Wearing breathable fabrics, changing socks and underwear frequently, and using antifungal powders can help reduce moisture buildup. Athletes, individuals with diabetes, and immunocompromised patients are at higher risk and should take extra precautions [7].

Patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or undergoing chemotherapy, are more susceptible to severe and recurrent fungal infections. In these cases, infections may be more persistent, widespread, and difficult to treat. Early diagnosis and aggressive antifungal therapy are essential to prevent complications [8].

Emerging resistance to antifungal medications poses a significant challenge in treating fungal infections. Prolonged or inappropriate use of antifungals contributes to resistance, particularly in Candida and dermatophyte species. Combination therapies and newer antifungal agents are being explored to combat resistant strains. Proper patient education on adherence to treatment regimens is vital in preventing resistance [9].

Some patients seek alternative treatments, such as tea tree oil, garlic extract, and vinegar soaks, which may exhibit antifungal properties. While some studies suggest efficacy, these treatments should be used cautiously and in conjunction with conventional therapy. Photodynamic therapy and laser treatment have also been explored for stubborn fungal infections, particularly onychomycosis [10].

Conclusion

Fungal infections of the skin are prevalent and can significantly impact a person’s quality of life if not managed effectively. Accurate diagnosis, appropriate use of antifungal medications, and preventive measures are key to controlling these infections. With the rise of antifungal resistance and recurrent cases, ongoing research and improved treatment strategies are crucial. Public awareness and adherence to hygiene practices remain essential in reducing the burden of fungal skin infections.

References

  1. Cole DC, Govender NP, Chakrabarti A, et al. Improvement of fungal disease identification and management: Combined health systems and public health approaches. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(12):e412-9.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Eldridge ML, Chambers CJ, Sharon VR, et al. Fungal infections of the skin and nail: New treatment options. Expert Rev Anti-infect Ther. 2014;12(11):1389-405.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. Jacobsen ID. Fungal infection strategies. Virulence. 2019;10(1):835-8.

    4. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  4. Black KE, Baden LR. Fungal infections of the CNS: Treatment strategies for the immunocompromised patient. CNS Drugs. 2007;21:293-318.

    5. Google Scholar

  5. Sanroman-Loza EA, Medina-Guerrero EO, Holguín-Aguirre TE, et al. Decoding fungal skin infections: Current and emerging trends in diagnosis and management. Curr Trop Med Rep. 2025;12(1):1-2.

    6. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  6. Chanyachailert P, Leeyaphan C, Bunyaratavej S. Cutaneous fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes: An updated comprehensive review of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic testing. J Fungi. 2023;9(6):669.

    7. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  7. Rawson TM, Antcliffe DB, Wilson RC, et al. Management of bacterial and fungal infections in the ICU: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention recommendations. Infect Drug Resist. 2023:2709-26.

    8. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  8. Cafarchia C, Eatwell K, Jansson DS, et al. Other fungal infections. Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals and Birds in Europe. 2012:466-75.

    9. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  9. Badiee P, Hashemizadeh Z. Opportunistic invasive fungal infections: Diagnosis & clinical management. Indian J Med Res. 2014;139(2):195-204.

    10. Indexed at, Google Scholar

  10. Yeroushalmi S, Shirazi JY, Friedman A. New developments in bacterial, viral, and fungal cutaneous infections. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2020;9:152-65.

    11. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Get the App