Functional Eye Pain and Contact Lenses: Causes and Solutions

William Chen

doi:10.35841/oer-8.6.250

Editorial - Ophthalmology Case Reports (2024) Volume 8, Issue 6

Functional Eye Pain and Contact Lenses: Causes and Solutions

William Chen^*

Eye Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

*Corresponding Author:: William Chen
Eye Institute
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
E-mail: william.chen@email.com

Received: 03-Dec-2024, Manuscript No. OER-24-154118; Editor assigned: 05-Dec-2024, Pre QC No. OER-24-154118 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Dec-2024, QC No. OER-24-154118; Revised: 26-Dec-2024, Manuscript No. OER-24-154118(R); Published: 31-Dec-2024, DOI: 10.35841/oer-8.6.250

Citation: Chen W. Functional Eye Pain and Contact Lenses: Causes and Solutions. Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2024; 8(6):250

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Introduction

Contact lenses offer a convenient alternative to glasses, providing clarity and comfort for millions of people worldwide. However, for some, wearing contact lenses can lead to discomfort, especially in the form of functional eye pain. Unlike pain caused by structural damage or infection, functional eye pain arises from the nervous system’s hypersensitivity, often without any clear structural issues in the eye. This article explores the relationship between functional eye pain and contact lenses, identifying potential causes and offering solutions to help alleviate discomfort [1].

Functional eye pain is a type of discomfort that occurs without any identifiable damage to the eye itself. It is often associated with hyperactivity of the sensory nerves in the cornea and surrounding structures, leading to pain or discomfort despite the absence of infection, injury, or disease. The pain can manifest as a burning, stinging, or gritty sensation and is often exacerbated by environmental factors, such as wind or bright lights. People with functional eye pain may experience it even while performing normal activities, such as reading, driving, or wearing contact lenses [2].

While contact lenses are a popular and effective solution for vision correction, they can sometimes contribute to the development or exacerbation of functional eye pain. Contact lenses can cause mechanical irritation to the delicate surface of the eye, particularly the cornea. This irritation may trigger the sensory nerves, resulting in pain. Additionally, certain types of contact lenses may limit oxygen supply to the cornea, leading to dryness and discomfort. For individuals with functional eye pain, the sensitivity of their corneal nerves may be heightened, making them more vulnerable to discomfort caused by contact lenses [3].

The type of contact lens worn can significantly impact the level of discomfort experienced. Rigid gas permeable lenses (RGPs) provide clear vision but can sometimes lead to irritation due to their more rigid structure. Soft contact lenses, including daily, bi-weekly, and monthly disposables, are more flexible and comfortable for many users, but they may cause lens dryness or accumulation of debris, which can irritate the eye and trigger functional pain. Extended wear lenses, designed for continuous use, can lead to greater discomfort due to limited oxygen transmission to the cornea, exacerbating dryness and sensitivity in individuals with a predisposition to functional eye pain [4].

One of the primary factors contributing to functional eye pain in contact lens users is dry eye syndrome. Contact lenses can cause a reduction in blink rate, leading to decreased tear production and distribution across the corneal surface. This can result in dryness, discomfort, and even pain. For individuals already suffering from dry eye, the use of contact lenses can worsen symptoms, as the lens may disturb the tear film and increase friction on the corneal surface. Dry eyes can also heighten nerve sensitivity, making the individual more prone to functional eye pain, especially after wearing lenses for prolonged periods [5].

The cornea is densely populated with sensory nerves, which are responsible for detecting pain, temperature, and other stimuli. In individuals with functional eye pain, these nerves may be hypersensitive or overactive. Contact lenses can exacerbate this sensitivity by introducing mechanical irritation to the corneal surface. Micro-abrasions caused by lens movement or debris trapped under the lens can trigger these nerves, leading to discomfort or pain. Over time, repeated irritation can increase the sensitivity of the corneal nerves, making it more difficult for the eyes to tolerate contact lenses [6].

An ill-fitting contact lens is a common cause of discomfort and pain. If the lens is too tight, it can restrict the flow of tears and oxygen to the cornea, resulting in dryness and irritation. Conversely, if the lens is too loose, it may move excessively on the eye, causing friction and micro-abrasions that can trigger functional eye pain. Both situations can lead to increased sensitivity of the corneal nerves, making the eyes more vulnerable to discomfort. Proper fitting of contact lenses is essential for minimizing the risk of functional eye pain [7].

In some cases, contact lenses can trigger allergic reactions, leading to increased inflammation and discomfort. Contact lens solutions, preservatives, or the materials used in the lenses themselves can cause an allergic response, leading to symptoms such as redness, swelling, and itching. For individuals with functional eye pain, the presence of an allergic reaction can exacerbate nerve sensitivity, leading to more severe discomfort. Switching to hypoallergenic contact lens solutions or opting for allergy-friendly lenses may help reduce the likelihood of an allergic reaction and minimize pain [8].

Managing functional eye pain while wearing contact lenses involves a combination of preventive measures and treatment strategies. One of the most important steps is to ensure that the contact lenses fit properly and are made from the appropriate material for the individual’s needs. Regular visits to an eye care professional are essential for ensuring that the lenses are fitting well and that there are no signs of corneal damage. For individuals with dry eye syndrome, the use of artificial tears before and after lens insertion can help lubricate the eye and reduce discomfort. Additionally, hydrating contact lenses designed to retain moisture can help alleviate dryness and irritation [9].

For some individuals, contact lenses may simply be too uncomfortable, especially if they are prone to functional eye pain. In these cases, it may be worth exploring alternatives to contact lenses, such as glasses or refractive surgery like LASIK. LASIK can permanently correct refractive errors, eliminating the need for corrective lenses altogether. For individuals with severe dry eye or corneal nerve issues, scleral lenses — large-diameter rigid lenses that vault over the cornea and provide a stable tear reservoir — may offer a more comfortable alternative [10].

Conclusion

While contact lenses offer significant benefits in terms of vision correction and convenience, they can also contribute to or exacerbate functional eye pain, especially in individuals with hypersensitive corneal nerves or pre-existing dry eye conditions. By understanding the relationship between contact lenses and functional eye pain, individuals can take proactive steps to minimize discomfort, such as ensuring proper lens fit, using lubricating eye drops, and opting for lenses designed for sensitive eyes. If pain persists, it is essential to seek professional care to explore alternative options and treatment strategies.