Neurophysiology Research

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Opinion Article - Neurophysiology Research (2023) Volume 5, Issue 2

Exploring the mechanisms behind neuronal seizures

Eslami Wanliinuwat*

Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding Author:
Eslami Wanliinuwat
Department of Pharmacology
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran, Iran
E-mail: wanwate@yahoo.com

Received: 17-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. AANR-23-94968; Editor assigned: 21-Mar-2023, PreQC No. AANR-23-94968(PQ); Reviewed: 04-Apr-2023, QC No. AANR-23-94968; Revised: 07-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. AANR-23-94968(R); Published: 14-Apr-2023, DOI: 10.35841/aanr-5.2.137

Citation: Wanliinuwat E. Exploring the mechanisms behind neuronal seizures. Neurophysiol Res. 2023;5(2):137

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Abstract

Epilepsy is a complaint of the brain characterized by repeated seizures. A seizure is generally defined as an unlooked-for modification of gets due to a temporary change in the electrical functioning of the brain. Generally, the brain continuously generates bits electrical impulses in an orderly pattern. These impulses travel along neurons the network of vagrancy- whams cells in the brain and throughout the whole body via chemical couriers called neurotransmitters.

Keywords

Epilepsy, Seizure, Brain, Tonic- clonic seizures.

Introduction

In epilepsy the brain's electrical measures have a tendency to come imbalanced, performing in intermittent seizures. In cases with seizures, the normal electrical pattern is disintegrated by unlooked-for and accompanied bursts of electrical energy that may curtly affect their knowledge, movements or sensations. Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) complaint in which brain exertion becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual gets, sensations and sometimes loss of awareness [1].

Absence seizures, sometimes called petit mal seizures, can beget rapid-fire- fire blinking or a numerous seconds of peering into space.

• Tonic- clonic seizures, also called grand mal seizures, can make a person cry out.
• Lose knowledge.
• Fall to the ground.
• Have muscle pulls or spasms.
• The person may feel tired after an alcohol- clonic seizure.

Focal seizures are located in just one area of the brain. These seizures are also called partial seizures. Simple focal seizures affect a small part of the brain. These seizures can beget twitching or a change in sensation, analogous as a strange taste or smell. Complex focal seizures can make a person with epilepsy confused or dazed. The person will be unfit to respond to questions or direction for over to a numerous beats. Secondary generalized seizures begin in one part of the brain, but also spread to both sides of the brain. In other words, the person first has a focal seizure, followed by a generalized seizure. Epilepsy has no identifiable cause in about half the people with the condition. In the other half, the condition may be traced to various factors, including [2].

Heritable influence: Some types of epilepsy, which are distributed by the type of seizure you substantiation or the part of the brain that is affected, run in families. In these cases, it's likely that there's a heritable influence. Researchers have linked some types of epilepsy to specific genes, but for utmost people, genes are only part of the cause of epilepsy. Certain genes may make a person more sensitive to environmental conditions that spark seizures.

Head trauma: Head trauma as a result of a bus accident or other traumatic injury can beget epilepsy [3, 4].

Brain abnormalities: Abnormalities in the brain, including brain excrescences or vascular distortions analogous as arteriovenous distortions (AVMs) and cavernous distortions, can beget epilepsy. Stroke is a leading cause of epilepsy in grown- ups aged than age 35.

Infections: Meningitis, HIV, viral encephalitis and some parasitic infections can beget epilepsy.

Prenatal injury: Before birth, babies are sensitive to brain damage that could be caused by several factors, analogous as an infection in the ma, poor nutrition or oxygen deficiencies. This brain damage can affect in epilepsy or cerebral palsy.

Experimental conditions: Epilepsy can sometimes be associated with experimental conditions, analogous as autism [5].

Conclusion

AEDs are the most generally used treatment for epilepsy. They help control seizures in around 7 out of 10 of people. AEDs work by changing the situations of chemicals in your brain. They do not cure epilepsy, but can stop seizures passing. Tests show that your seizures are caused by a problem in a small part of your brain that can be removed without causing serious goods. In these cases, there's a good chance that your seizures could stop completely after surgery.

References

  1. Bernard C, Nehlig A. Seizures: About the right time to explore their mechanisms. Epilepsia. 2021;62:S1.

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  2. Chao CC, Shen PW, Tzeng TY, et al. Human iPSC-derived neurons as a platform for deciphering the mechanisms behind brain aging. Biomedicines. 2021;9(11):1635.

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  3. Jiruska P, Alvarado?Rojas C, Schevon CA, et al. Update on the mechanisms and roles of high?frequency oscillations in seizures and epileptic disorders. Epilepsia. 2017;58(8):1330-9.

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  4. Yu Y, Han F, Wang Q. A hippocampal-entorhinal cortex neuronal network for dynamical mechanisms of epileptic seizure. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil. 2023.

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  5. Zhang H, Shen Z, Zhao Y, et al. Dynamical Mechanism Analysis of Three Neuroregulatory Strategies on the Modulation of Seizures. Inter J Mole Sci. 2022;23(21):13652.

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