Journal of Nutrition and Human Health

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.

Short Communication - Journal of Nutrition and Human Health (2024) Volume 8, Issue 5

Exploring micronutrients: Vital vitamins and minerals that support immune function, energy production, and overall health for a balanced diet.

Maitk Dali *

Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Global Health and Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK

*Corresponding Author:
Maitk Dali
Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Global Health and Innovation, Imperial College London, UK
E-mail: maitkdali@jhgf.bu.com

Received: 03-Sep-2024, Manuscript No. AAJNHH -24-150390; Editor assigned: 05-Sep-2024, PreQC No. AAJNHH -24-150390 (PQ); Reviewed:19-Sep-2024, QC No. AAJNHH -24-150390; Revised:23-Sep-2024, Manuscript No. AAJNHH -24-150390 (R); Published:02-Oct-2024, DOI:10.35841/ aajnhh -8.5.228

Citation: Dali M. Exploring micronutrients: Vital vitamins and minerals that support immune function, energy production, and overall health for a balanced diet. J Nutr Hum Health. 2024;8(5):228

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Nutrition and Human Health

Abstract

  

Introduction

Micronutrients-essential vitamins and minerals-are crucial components of a balanced diet that support a wide array of bodily functions. Unlike macronutrients, which provide energy, micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts but are no less vital for maintaining overall health. They play significant roles in immune function, energy production, and the prevention of chronic diseases [1].

Vitamins, such as A, C, D, and the B-complex group, are instrumental in processes ranging from vision and skin health to red blood cell formation and metabolic regulation. Minerals, including calcium, magnesium, potassium, and zinc, are key players in bone health, muscle function, and enzymatic reactions [2].

This introduction will explore the importance of micronutrients in our daily diets, highlighting their roles in supporting immune health, enhancing energy levels, and contributing to overall well-being. By understanding the significance of these vital nutrients, individuals can make informed dietary choices that foster health and longevity across all ages [3].

Vitamin A Deficiency: Can lead to impaired immune function and vision problems, such as night blindness. Common in populations with limited access to diverse foods [4].

Vitamin C Deficiency: May result in weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. Severe deficiency can lead to scurvy, characterized by fatigue, gum disease, and skin issues [5].

Vitamin D Deficiency: Linked to weakened immune response and bone health issues, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Factors include limited sun exposure and inadequate dietary intake [6].

B Vitamins Deficiencies: Low levels can cause fatigue, neurological issues, and anemia. At-risk populations include the elderly, vegetarians, and individuals with absorption issues. Iron Deficiency: A leading cause of anemia, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and impaired cognitive function. Common in women of childbearing age, children, and those with poor dietary intake [7].

Calcium Deficiency: Can lead to bone density loss, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis, particularly in older adults and postmenopausal women. Magnesium Deficiency: Associated with muscle cramps, fatigue, and an increased risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. Risk factors include a diet low in whole foods and high in processed foods [8].

Zinc Deficiency: Can impair immune function and wound healing, increasing susceptibility to infections. Common in individuals with malnutrition or absorption disorders. Vitamin A Deficiency: Diagnosis often includes clinical evaluation of vision problems (e.g., night blindness) and dietary assessments. Serum retinol levels may be measured. Vitamin C Deficiency: Symptoms like fatigue, easy bruising, and gum bleeding can indicate deficiency. Diagnosis typically involves assessing dietary intake and measuring plasma ascorbic acid levels [9].

Vitamin D Deficiency: Blood tests measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are used to diagnose deficiency, particularly in individuals with bone pain, muscle weakness, or those at risk due to low sun exposure. B Vitamins Deficiencies: Symptoms may vary, and diagnosis can involve assessing specific vitamin levels (e.g., B12, folate) through blood tests and evaluating dietary habits. Diverse Diet: Incorporate a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats to ensure adequate intake of essential vitamins. Aim for colorful plates to maximize nutrient diversity. Fortified Foods: Consider consuming fortified foods, such as cereals and dairy products, which can provide additional vitamins like D and B12, especially for individuals at risk of deficiencies (e.g., vegans, the elderly). Supplementation: If dietary intake is insufficient, especially in populations with higher needs (e.g., pregnant women, those with malabsorption issues), discuss appropriate supplementation with a healthcare provider. Calcium and Vitamin D: Focus on foods rich in calcium (like dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified plant-based milks) and ensure adequate vitamin D through sunlight exposure and dietary sources (like fatty fish and fortified foods). Iron-Rich Foods: Include iron-rich foods (such as legumes, lean meats, and fortified cereals) and pair them with vitamin C sources (like citrus fruits) to enhance absorption, particularly for those at risk of iron deficiency [10].

 

Magnesium Sources: Incorporate magnesium-rich foods, such as nuts, seeds, whole grains, and leafy greens, to support overall health and prevent deficiency

 

Conclusion

Micronutrients-vitamins and minerals-are essential for maintaining optimal health, supporting immune function, and facilitating energy production. Despite their requirement in smaller amounts compared to macronutrients, their roles are vital in preventing chronic diseases and ensuring overall well-being. A balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods is key to meeting these micronutrient needs. By understanding the importance of micronutrients and implementing preventive strategies, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of deficiencies and associated health issues. Prioritizing diverse food choices, considering fortified options, and being aware of individual dietary requirements are essential steps in promoting health across all life stages.

References

  1. Cryer PE, Davis SN, Shamoon H. Hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes care. 2003; 6(5):1902-12

    2.  Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  2. American Diabetes Association. American Diabetes Association: type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2000; 6(5):381-9.

    3. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  3. Riegel C, Koop CE, Schwegman CW, et al. An evaluation of mixtures of ossein gelatin, hydrolyzed protein, and glucose in the parenteral nutrition of postoperative patients. Surgery. 1949; 6 (5):672-5.

    4. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  4. Thibault R, Pichard C. Parenteral nutrition. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2013; 6(5):59–68

    5. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  5. Fernandes G, Kaila B, Jeejeebhoy KN, et al. Canadian home parenteral nutrition (HPN) registry: validation and patient outcomes. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2012; 6(5):407-14.

    6. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  6. Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Hale CA, et al. Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Am Coll Nutr. (2003); 6(5): 142–146.

    7. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  7. Vieth R, Cole DE, Hawker GA, et al. Wintertime vitamin D insufficiency is common in young Canadian women, and their vitamin D intake does not prevent it. Eur J Clin Nutr. (2001);6(5): 1091–1097.

    8. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  8. Looker AC, Dawson-Hughes B, Calvo MS, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III. Bone. (2002);6(5): 771–777.

    9. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  9. MacFarlane GD, Sackrison JL, Body JJ, et al. Hypovitaminosis D in a normal, apparently healthy urban European population. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. (2004); 6(5): 621–622.

    10. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

  10. Siffledeen JS, Siminoski K, Steinhart H, et al. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency in adults with Crohn's disease. Can J Gastroenterol. (2003); 6(5): 473–478.

    11. Indexed at, Google scholar, Cross ref

Get the App