Rapid Communication - Journal of Clinical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (2023) Volume 7, Issue 3

Enzyme based biosensors: Advancements in detection and analysis technologies.

Victoria Zhan^*

Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center, Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, United States

Corresponding Author:

Victoria Zhan
Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine
University of Rochester Medical Center
Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, United States
E-mail: victori_zhan@urmc.rochester.edu

Received: 24-May-2023, Manuscript No. AACBC-22-102273; Editor assigned: 25-May-2023, PreQC No. AACBC-22-102273(PQ); Reviewed: 08-Jun-2023, QC No. AACBC-22-102273; Revised: 13-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. AACBC-22-102273(R); Published: 19-Jun-2023, DOI:10.35841/aacbc-7.3.150

Citation: Zhan V. Enzyme based biosensors: Advancements in detection and analysis technologies. J Clin Bioanal Chem. 2023;7(3):150

Enzyme-based biosensors operate on the principle of enzymatic catalysis coupled with signal transduction mechanisms. The biosensor typically consists of three essential components: the enzyme, a transducer, and a signal processor. The enzyme specifically recognizes and interacts with the target analyte, catalyzing a reaction that produces a measurable signal. The transducer converts this signal into an electrical, optical, or electrochemical output, which is then processed and quantified by the signal processor [1].

Advancements in enzyme immobilization techniques have significantly enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors. Immobilization ensures the stability and longevity of the enzyme within the biosensor matrix, allowing for repeated and prolonged use. Various immobilization strategies, such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, and entrapment within nanomaterials, enable efficient enzyme attachment while maintaining its catalytic activity.

Moreover, advances in enzyme engineering and protein modification techniques have led to the development of engineered enzymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency and specificity. These modified enzymes provide superior performance, enabling the detection of analytes at lower concentrations and reducing the interference from other substances, thus improving the selectivity of enzyme-based biosensors [2].

Enzyme-based biosensors have found widespread applications in healthcare, ranging from disease diagnosis to point-of-care monitoring. For example, glucose biosensors, employing the enzyme glucose oxidase, have revolutionized diabetes management by allowing individuals to monitor their blood glucose levels conveniently and accurately. Similarly, biosensors utilizing enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase enable the rapid diagnosis of diseases like myocardial infarction and muscular disorders. Enzyme-based biosensors also play a crucial role in detecting biomarkers indicative of various diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases, and hormonal imbalances. These biosensors offer rapid and sensitive detection, facilitating early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and disease monitoring [3].

Enzyme-based biosensors have become valuable tools in environmental monitoring and ensuring food safety. Biosensors utilizing enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase can detect and quantify pollutants, pesticides, heavy metals, and toxins in environmental samples. These biosensors provide real-time monitoring capabilities, enabling quick assessment of pollution levels and facilitating timely intervention. In the food industry, enzyme-based biosensors are employed to detect foodborne pathogens, allergens, and toxins, ensuring the safety and quality of food products. These biosensors offer rapid and sensitive detection methods, minimizing the risk of foodborne illnesses and enabling effective quality control measures [4].

The future of enzyme-based biosensors holds tremendous promise. Advancements in nanotechnology, materials science, and miniaturization techniques are driving the development of miniaturized, portable biosensors with improved performance and ease of use. These advancements are expanding the applications of biosensors beyond traditional laboratory settings, enabling on-site and real-time monitoring in various fields, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, and food safety. However, challenges remain. Ensuring long-term stability and maintaining enzyme activity within biosensors, as well as addressing issues related to the reproducibility and scalability of biosensor [5].

References

1. Ascoli CA, Aggeler B. Overlooked benefits of using polyclonal antibodies. Biotechniques. 2018;65(3):127-36.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

2. Watanabe E, Kanzaki Y, Tokumoto H, et al. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a polyclonal antibody for the detection of the insecticide fenitrothion. Evaluation of antiserum and application to the analysis of water samples. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(1):53-8.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

3. Mhadhbi H, Ben-Rejeb S, Cleroux C, et al. Generation and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against microcystins application to immunoassays and immunoaffinity sample preparation prior to analysis by liquid chromatography and UV detection. Talanta. 2006;70(2):225-35.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

4. Zhan X, Xi T, Zhou P. Indirect competitive immunoassay for mercury ion determination using polyclonal antibody against the Hg-GSH complex. Environ Forensics. 2013;14(2):103-8.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

5. Kumar A, Pathak RK, Gupta SM, et al., Systems biology for smart crops and agricultural innovation: filling the gaps between genotype and phenotype for complex traits linked with robust agricultural productivity and sustainability. OMICS J Integr Biol. 2015;19(10):581-601.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref