Archives of General Internal Medicine

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Short Communication - Archives of General Internal Medicine (2023) Volume 7, Issue 5

Emerging technologies of platelet transfusion medicine.

Emiway Favaloro*

Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, USA

*Corresponding Author:
Emiway Favaloro
Department of Psychology
University of Georgia
USA
E-mail: Favaloro887454@gmail.com

Received: 28-Sept-2023, Manuscript No. AAAGIM-23-117265; Editor assigned: 02-Oct-2023, PreQC No. AAAGIM-23-117265 (PQ); Reviewed:16-Oct-2023, QC No. AAAGIM-23-117265; Revised:23-Oct-2023 (R), Manuscript No. AAAGIM-23-117265; Published: 30-Oct-2023, DOI:10.35841/aaagim-7.5.197

Citation: Favaloro E. Emerging technologies of platelet transfusion medicine. Arch Gen Intern Med. 2023;7(5):198

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Introduction

Platelet transfusions are a critical component of modern medicine, used to treat patients with various conditions that result in low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) or platelet dysfunction. From cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy to those who have suffered severe trauma or surgeries, platelet transfusions can be life-saving. While traditional platelet transfusion methods have been effective, emerging technologies are poised to enhance the safety, availability, and efficacy of this crucial medical procedure. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, disc-shaped blood cells that play a vital role in the blood clotting process. When an injury occurs, platelets rush to the site and aggregate to form a plug that stops bleeding. Consequently, individuals with low platelet counts or platelet function disorders are at risk of experiencing excessive bleeding, even from minor injuries[1].

Traditional platelet transfusion methods have primarily relied on the collection and storage of donated whole blood, which is later processed into platelet components. Platelets collected from whole blood donations are stored at controlled temperatures to maintain their viability. These platelet units have a limited shelf life, typically just five days, which poses challenges in ensuring a consistent supply to meet patient needs. Furthermore, platelets are sensitive to bacterial contamination, which has necessitated stringent testing and screening procedures to minimize the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections[2].

Several emerging technologies are making significant strides in the field of platelet transfusion medicine, with the aim of improving platelet supply, safety, and efficacy. Some notable innovations include; Cryopreservation allows for the long-term storage of platelets at ultra-low temperatures, extending their shelf life to several years. This technology has the potential to significantly increase platelet availability, reduce waste, and facilitate more precise matching to patient needs. Pathogen inactivation technologies employ ultraviolet (UV) or chemical treatments to inactivate pathogens in platelet units, ensuring that they are safe for transfusion. This not only reduces the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections but also simplifies the testing and screening process. Researchers are working on synthetic or bioengineered platelets, often referred to as platelet mimetics. These artificial platelets could provide an alternative to donor-derived platelet transfusions, offering a more consistent and infection-free source[3].

Scientists are exploring ways to enhance the longevity and function of transfused platelets by modifying their structure and characteristics. This could lead to fewer transfusions being required for patients with chronic conditions. The field of 3D bioprinting holds the promise of creating patient-specific platelet-rich tissues or even complete artificial organs, ultimately revolutionizing the field of platelet transfusion. While emerging technologies in platelet transfusion medicine offer substantial benefits, they also come with challenges. These include the high cost of implementing new technologies, regulatory approval processes, and ethical considerations surrounding the use of artificial or bioengineered platelets[4].

Additionally, these innovations must be rigorously tested and evaluated to ensure their safety and efficacy in clinical practice. Patient privacy and the responsible use of genetic information in personalized platelet therapies are important ethical considerations as well[5].

Conclusion

Emerging technologies in platelet transfusion medicine are on the cusp of transforming the way we approach platelet supply, safety, and efficacy. These innovations have the potential to reduce the risk of infections, extend platelet shelf life, and provide more targeted and effective treatments for patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet function disorders. While challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed, the future of platelet transfusion medicine looks promising, with advancements that will ultimately benefit patients and healthcare providers alike.

References

  1. Kaplan H, Battles JB, Van der Schaaf TW, et al. Identification and classification of the causes of events in transfusion medicine. Transfusion. 1998;38(11?12):1071-81.

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  2. Seltsam A. Pathogen inactivation of cellular blood products—an additional safety layer in transfusion medicine. Front Med. 2017;4:219.

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