Journal of Mental Health and Aging

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Short Communication - Journal of Mental Health and Aging (2025) Volume 9, Issue 1

Dementia: Understanding, Causes, and Strategies for Support

Thomas Yamasaki*

Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS)

*Corresponding Author:
Thomas Yamasaki
Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), USA
E-mail: yamasakithomas24@gmail.com

Received: : 01-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AAJMHA-25-161413; Editor assigned: 05-Jan-2025, PreQC No. AAJMHA-25-161413 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Jan-2025, QC No. AAJMHA-25-161413; Revised:22-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AAJMHA-25-161413 (R); Published:29-Jan-2025, DOI:10.35841/10.35841/aajmha-9.1.242

Citation: Citation: Yamasaki T. Dementia: Understanding, Causes, and Strategies for Support. J Ment Health Aging. 2025;9 (1):242

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Abstract

  

Introduction

Dementia is an umbrella term for a range of cognitive impairments that significantly affect an individual’s ability to perform everyday tasks. Characterized by memory loss, difficulty in communication, changes in behaviour, and impaired reasoning, dementia can drastically alter a person’s quality of life. Although dementia is commonly associated with aging, it is not a normal part of the aging process [1].

Various underlying conditions, particularly neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, can lead to the development of dementia. With the global aging population steadily increasing, dementia has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. Understanding the causes of dementia, its impact on individuals and families, and potential strategies for support is vital for improving outcomes for those affected and providing adequate care to meet the needs of this vulnerable group [2].

Dementia arises from damage to the brain cells, which interferes with their ability to communicate with each other. This damage is often gradual and leads to cognitive decline over time. The specific cause of dementia can vary, and there are several distinct types of dementia, each with its own set of symptoms, progression, and treatment options [3].

The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease accounts for approximately 60-80% of all dementia cases. It is characterized by the progressive loss of memory, confusion, difficulty with language, and changes in mood and behaviour. Alzheimer's is associated with the build-up of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, which disrupt communication between neurons and lead to brain cell death [4].

This type of dementia is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain due to strokes or other vascular issues. It can result in memory problems, difficulty with concentration, and impaired judgment. Vascular dementia may occur suddenly, often after a stroke, or progress gradually. This form of dementia is caused by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits known as Lewy bodies in the brain. It is marked by symptoms such as visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognitive abilities, and motor problems similar to Parkinson’s disease [5].

This type of dementia involves the progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, which are responsible for decision-making, behaviour, and language. Symptoms often include significant changes in personality, social behaviour, and speech difficulties. Some individuals may experience a combination of different types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. Mixed dementia is more common in older adults and can present symptoms from both conditions. In addition to these primary types, other factors such as traumatic brain injury, infections, and certain medical conditions (e.g., HIV/AIDS, Huntington’s disease) can also lead to dementia [6].

Dementia manifests through a variety of symptoms, which can be categorized into cognitive, behavioural, and functional impairments. The most noticeable symptoms often involve memory loss, particularly short-term memory, and difficulty recalling recent events or conversations. Cognitive functions such as language (e.g., difficulty finding words), executive function (e.g., planning and organizing), and attention can also be affected [7].

Behavioural changes are common in dementia and may include mood swings, agitation, anxiety, depression, and inappropriate behaviour. In later stages, individuals with dementia may have trouble recognizing loved ones, exhibit aggression, or experience significant personality changes [8].

Diagnosing dementia involves a combination of medical history assessment, cognitive tests, physical and neurological examinations, and brain imaging. Blood tests may also be conducted to rule out other possible causes of cognitive symptoms. It’s essential to differentiate between dementia and other conditions, such as depression or delirium, that may mimic cognitive decline [9].

Dementia has a profound impact not only on those who are diagnosed but also on their families and caregivers. For individuals with dementia, the experience can be distressing as they struggle with memory loss and cognitive impairments that affect their independence. As the disease progresses, individuals often require assistance with daily activities such as dressing, eating, and managing personal hygiene [10].

conclusion

Dementia is a complex and challenging condition that affects millions of individuals and their families worldwide. Although it presents significant challenges, both in terms of healthcare and caregiving, ongoing research and early interventions can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected. Greater awareness, timely diagnosis, and personalized care plans can provide essential support for individuals living with dementia and their caregivers. With the global aging population continuing to grow, addressing dementia's impact is crucial for building a society that is more understanding, compassionate, and supportive for those facing this condition.

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