Dementia Care in Geriatric Nursing: Best Practices for Supporting Patients and Families

Clara Tayler

doi:10.35841/AAICCN-7.6.241

Perspective - Journal of Intensive and Critical Care Nursing (2024) Volume 7, Issue 6

Dementia Care in Geriatric Nursing: Best Practices for Supporting Patients and Families

Clara Tayler ^*

School of Nursing and Allied Health, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom

*Corresponding Author:: Clara Tayler
School of Nursing and Allied Health, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
E-mail: c.tay@ljmu.ac.uk

Received: 02-Dec -2024, Manuscript No. AAICCN-24-157124; Editor assigned: 03-Dec-2024, PreQC No. AAICCN-24-157124 (PQ); Reviewed:17-Dec-2024, QC No. AAICCN-24-157124; Revised:23-Dec-2024, Manuscript No. AAICCN-24-157124 (R); Published:30-Dec-2024, DOI:10.35841/AAICCN-7.6.241

Citation: Tayler C. Dementia care in geriatric nursing: Best practices for supporting patients and families. J Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2024;7(6):241

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Abstract

Introduction

Dementia is a progressive cognitive decline that affects millions of older adults worldwide, significantly impacting their ability to live independently. As the global population ages, dementia care has become a critical aspect of geriatric nursing. Nurses play a key role in supporting patients with dementia, helping them maintain their dignity and quality of life while also providing guidance and emotional support to families. Dementia care involves specialized skills and approaches that address both the physical and psychological needs of patients, as well as the emotional and informational needs of their families. Best practices in dementia care focus on person-centered approaches, effective communication, managing behavioral symptoms, and providing family support, all of which help improve the outcomes for both patients and caregivers [1].

The cornerstone of effective dementia care is the person-centered care approach, which recognizes the individual’s life history, preferences, and needs as the foundation of care. This approach emphasizes treating patients as unique individuals rather than simply focusing on the symptoms of their dementia. Nurses working with dementia patients should take the time to understand their patients' preferences for daily routines, communication, and activities. This might involve engaging with family members to learn about the patient's hobbies, past professions, and preferences to tailor care strategies accordingly [2].

For example, a nurse might discover that a patient, who has lost some memory, enjoys listening to a particular type of music or has a lifelong interest in gardening. Incorporating these preferences into daily care can improve the patient's emotional well-being, provide comfort, and create meaningful interactions. It is also important to respect the patient’s sense of identity, which can be maintained through familiarity and activities that evoke positive memories. Person-centered care promotes dignity and helps patients feel valued and understood, even when verbal communication may be challenging [3].

Communication challenges are one of the most significant aspects of dementia, especially in the later stages of the disease. Patients may struggle to express themselves clearly, or they may lose the ability to understand others. Nurses must adapt their communication strategies to meet the patient's cognitive abilities and emotional state. This requires patience, empathy, and the ability to use non-verbal cues effectively [4].

A key strategy is to use simple language and short sentences. Asking yes/no questions or providing limited choices helps reduce confusion and makes it easier for the patient to respond. Nurses should also maintain eye contact, use a calm and reassuring tone of voice, and allow extra time for the patient to process information and respond. Non-verbal communication, such as gestures, facial expressions, and touch, can also be powerful tools in conveying care and comfort. For example, a gentle touch on the shoulder or a soft smile can reassure a patient who may feel anxious or confused [5].

Patients with dementia often experience behavioral and psychological symptoms such as aggression, agitation, anxiety, and depression. These symptoms can be challenging for both the patient and the caregivers. Nurses must be able to assess and manage these behaviors in a way that prioritizes the patient's safety while maintaining a calm and supportive environment [6].

First, it is essential to identify potential triggers for these behaviors, which can range from physical discomfort (such as hunger or pain) to environmental factors (such as noise or unfamiliar settings). Addressing the underlying causes of distress can reduce agitation and improve the patient’s overall well-being. For instance, ensuring that patients are comfortable and have proper nutrition, hydration, and rest can go a long way in reducing behavioral symptoms [7].

When managing agitation, nurses can use de-escalation techniques such as providing reassurance, distracting the patient with familiar activities, or redirecting attention to another task. It’s also important to maintain consistency in routines, as changes in the environment or daily schedule can be disorienting and contribute to anxiety or behavioral outbursts. In some cases, medication may be required to manage severe behavioral symptoms, but this should always be carefully monitored and prescribed as part of a holistic care plan [8].

Maintaining physical activity and cognitive engagement is vital for dementia patients as it can slow the progression of the disease and improve mood, sleep patterns, and overall health. Nurses should encourage regular physical activity tailored to the patient’s ability, whether it’s walking, stretching, or chair exercises. For patients with early to moderate stages of dementia, participation in group activities such as music therapy, art classes, or simple games can stimulate cognitive function and foster social connections [9].

Cognitive stimulation is also important in promoting mental well-being. Activities that involve reminiscing or engaging in simple problem-solving tasks can provide mental exercise. Nurses can also use life-history books or memory boxes, which contain personal items and photos, to help patients recall memories and engage in meaningful conversations. These activities promote self-esteem and a sense of accomplishment while also stimulating cognitive abilities [10].

Conclusion

Dementia care in geriatric nursing requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the unique needs of both patients and their families. By employing person-centered care, effective communication strategies, managing behavioral symptoms, promoting physical and cognitive engagement, and supporting families, nurses can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals living with dementia. Furthermore, offering end-of-life care that prioritizes comfort and dignity ensures that patients and their loved ones receive the support they need at every stage of the disease. As dementia continues to be a major global health challenge, these best practices will play an essential role in providing compassionate and effective care for the aging population.