Mini Review - Allied Journal of Medical Research (2025) Volume 9, Issue 1

CRISPR Gene Editing: Revolutionizing Medicine and Genetic Research

Department of Community Medicine, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author:

Sneha Ramani
Department of Community Medicine
University of Delhi, Delhi, India
E-mail: sneha@yahoo.in

Received: 01-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AAAJMR-25-161513; Editor assigned: 02-Jan-2025, Pre QC No. AAAJMR-25-161513(PQ); Reviewed:15-Jan-2025, QC No.AAAJMR-25-161513; Revised:20-Jan-2025, Manuscript No. AAAJMR-25-161513(R), Published:27-Jan-2025, DOI:10.35841/aaajmr-9.1.274

Citation: Ramani S. CRISPR gene editing: Revolutionizing medicine and genetic research. Allied J Med Res. 2025;9(1):274

Introduction

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) gene editing is one of the most groundbreaking advancements in modern medical and genetic research. Originally discovered as a bacterial defense mechanism against viruses, CRISPR has been adapted as a precise and efficient tool for modifying DNA. This revolutionary technology has opened doors for potential treatments of genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. Scientists and medical researchers worldwide are exploring its applications, while ethical and regulatory considerations continue to shape its future use. This article delves into the science behind CRISPR, its current applications, and its potential to transform medicine and biotechnology.CRISPR technology works by utilizing the Cas9 protein, an enzyme that acts as molecular scissors to cut DNA at a specific [1,2].

The CRISPR system includes a guide RNA (gRNA) that directs Cas9 to the target gene sequence. Once the DNA is cut, cellular mechanisms repair the break, either disrupting the gene or allowing for the introduction of a new genetic sequence. This technique provides an unprecedented level of precision in genetic modifications, making it a powerful tool for research and therapeutic development.CRISPR has shown promise in correcting mutations responsible for genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy. Clinical trials are already underway to evaluate its safety and efficacy in treating these conditions.CRISPR is being explored as a tool to engineer immune cells to better recognize and attack cancer cells. [3,4].

Researchers are investigating its application in fighting HIV, hepatitis B, and even emerging viral threats like SARS-CoV-2.By modifying stem cells, CRISPR could revolutionize regenerative medicine by enabling the growth of genetically corrected tissues and organs, offering hope to patients with degenerative diseases or organ failure.Despite its potential, CRISPR technology raises several ethical and safety concerns. Off-target effects, where unintended genetic changes occur, pose a significant risk. Additionally, germline editing (modifications that are heritable) has sparked ethical debates, as it could lead to unintended consequences for future generations. [5,6].

Gene editing is still in its early stages, but its impact on medicine and biotechnology is undeniable. As researchers refine the technique and address ethical concerns, CRISPR is likely to become a cornerstone of personalized medicine, allowing for tailored treatments based on an individual’s genetic makeup. Future advancements could lead to safer, more efficient gene therapies, transforming the way we approach genetic and chronic diseases. [7,8].

CAR-T cell therapy, an emerging cancer treatment, has been enhanced using CRISPR to improve its effectiveness and reduce side effects.CRISPR has the potential to combat viral infections by targeting and destroying viral DNA.Regulatory bodies and scientific communities are working to establish guidelines to ensure responsible use of CRISPR technology. [9,10].

Conclusion

CRISPR gene editing represents a paradigm shift in genetic research and medical treatment. With its potential to cure genetic disorders, fight cancer, and even eradicate infectious diseases, CRISPR is paving the way for a new era of precision medicine.

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