Short Communication - Journal of Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases (2023) Volume 8, Issue 1
Contributing factor in the pathogenesis of barrett's esophagus emptying and gastroesophageal reflux clearance.
Amy Richter*Department of Surgery, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Corresponding Author:
- Amy Richter
Department of Surgery
Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus
Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
E-mail: richter44@uk-koeln.de
Received: 20-Jun-2022, Manuscript No. JGDD-22-70691; Editor assigned: 23-Jun-2022, PreQC No. JGDD-22-70691(PQ); Reviewed: 06-Jul-2022, QC No. JGDD-22-70691; Revised: 08-Jul-2022, Manuscript No. JGDD-22-70691(R); Published: 15-Jul-2022, DOI:10.35841/jgdd-7.7.132
Citation: Richter A. Contributing factor in the pathogenesis of barrett's esophagus emptying and gastroesophageal reflux clearance. J Gastroenterology Dig Dis. 2022;7(7):132
Keywords
Sleeve gastrectomy, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Systematic review.
Introduction
A chronic disorder known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) or Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) causes symptoms and/or consequences when stomach acid and contents rise into the oesophagus. The back of the mouth tasting like acid, heartburn, foul breath, chest pain, regurgitation, breathing issues, and tooth wear are all symptoms. Esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett's oesophagus are examples of complications [1].
Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, having a hiatal hernia, and using specific medications are risk factors. Benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDs, and certain asthma medications are among the drugs that might either cause or aggravate the condition. The lower esophageal sphincter, which connects the oesophagus and stomach, does not close properly, causing acid reflux. diagnosis among those who don't get better [2].
If a patient's condition does not improve after trying the first two treatments, they may also undergo surgery. Losing weight, avoiding foods that trigger symptoms, quitting smoking, resting on the left side of the bed, raising the pillow/ bedhead height, and not lying down for three hours after eating are all examples of lifestyle modifications. Antacids, H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and prokinetics are examples of medications.
Between 10 and 20% of people in the Western world suffer from GERD. Even more frequent is occasional gastroesophageal reflux without bothersome symptoms or problems. Heartburn and its potential connection to a hiatal hernia were discussed by Friedenwald and Feldman in 1925, which led to the first description of the characteristic symptoms of GERD [3]. Asher Winkelstein, a gastroenterologist, first characterised reflux in 1934.
Signs and symptoms
Children and babies: Since infants and young children are unable to express their feelings, it can be challenging to identify GERD in them. Instead, symptoms must be examined. Symptoms might not be like those of an adult. Children with GERD may have frequent vomiting, easy spitting up, coughing, and other respiratory issues like wheezing. Additionally common are inconsolable weeping, food refusal, crying for food and then removing the bottle or breast and crying for it again, inability to acquire enough weight, foul breath, and burping. There is no one symptom that all children with GERD will experience; instead, they may experience several symptoms. Up to 35% of the 4 million estimated newborns born in the US each year may experience reflux issues in the first few months [4].
Mouth: Deterioration of the enamel, particularly on the inner surface of the teeth, can result from acid reflux into the mouth. It’s possible to experience a dry mouth, an acidic or burning sensation in the mouth, foul breath, and palate redness. other uncommon gerd symptoms include trouble swallowing, water brash, which causes the mouth to flood with saliva, a persistent cough, hoarseness in the voice, nausea, and vomiting.
The appearance of a smooth, silky-glazed, occasionally dull, enamel surface without perikymata, together with undamaged enamel along the gum margin, are indicators of enamel erosion. People with restorations will be able to tell because tooth structure usually dissolves much more quickly than the restorative material, giving the impression that it "stands above" the neighbouring teeth [5].
A thick collagenous cuticle covers the epidermis, which is either a syncytium or a single layer of cells. The cuticle has a complicated structure and may consist of two or three layers. A layer of longitudinal muscle cells lies beneath the epidermis. Because nematodes lack circumferential muscles, the relatively inflexible cuticle collaborates with the muscles to form a hydroskeleton. The nerve cords receive projections from the inner surface of muscle cells [6].
Conclusion
Endoscopy, the looking down into the stomach with a fibreoptic scope, is not routinely needed if the case is typical and responds to treatment. It is recommended when people either do not respond well to treatment or have alarm symptoms, including dysphagia, anemia, blood in the stool (detected chemically), wheezing, weight loss, or voice changes. Some physicians advocate either once-in-a-lifetime or 5- to 10-yearly endoscopy for people with longstanding GERD, to evaluate the possible presence of dysplasia or Barrett's esophagus.
References
- Sutphen JL, Dillard VL. Effect of feeding volume on early postcibal gastroesophageal reflux in infants. J. Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1988;7(2):185-8.
- Isolauri J, Laippala P. Prevalence of symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease in an adult population. Ann Med. 1995;27(1):67-70.
- Pandit S, Boktor M, Alexander JS, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: A clinical overview for primary care physicians. Pathophysio. 2018;25(1):1-1.
- Wu JC. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: An Asian perspective. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(12):1785-93.
- Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB. Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143(3):199-211.
- Friedenberg FK, Xanthopoulos M, Foster GD, et al. The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity. ACG. 2008;103(8):2111-22.
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