Biomedical Research

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Research Article - Biomedical Research (2018) Volume 29, Issue 6

Clinical effect of therapeutic hemapheresis and plasmapheresis therapy in blood diseases

Zhen-Hua Bao1,2#, Jun-Hong Yu3# and Hong-Guo Zhao4*

1Department of Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China

2Department of Hematology, the People’s Hospital of Haiyang, Haiyang, Shandong, PR China

3The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong, PR China

4Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China

#These authors contributed equally to this paper

*Corresponding Author:
Hong-Guo Zhao
Department of Hematology
Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, PR China

Accepted on December 26, 2017

DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-3696

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Abstract

Objective: This study aims to discuss the clinical effect of therapeutic hemapheresis+plasmapheresis therapy in patients with blood diseases.

Methods: A total of 140 patients with blood diseases were chosen in our hospital from November 2015 to August 2017 as the research object. Therapeutic hemapheresis+plasmapheresis therapy was adopted, and the final therapeutic effect and laboratory index results were observed.

Results: During RBC leukapheresis, RBC, Hb level, and Hct level of patients decreased significantly compared with those of before the treatment (P<0.05). During leukocyte leukapheresis, PLT and WBC levels of patients declined dramatically compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05). During PLT leukapheresis, the PLT level of patients was considerably lower than that before the treatment (P<0.05). Therapeutic effect evaluation was conducted after therapeutic hemapheresis. The RBC leukapheresis efficiency and PLT leukapheresis efficiency both reached 100.00%. Leukocyte leukapheresis efficiency reached 96.63%. Thus, outstanding clinical effects were observed. Peripheral blood leucocytes of 6 patients with HLL decreased sharply after the treatment. Patients reported mild nausea and dizziness. Therapeutic hemapheresis was continuously offered after the corresponding treatment, which contributed a sharp reduction of leukocytes. No untoward effects were observed.

Conclusions: Therapeutic hemapheresis+plasmapheresis therapy to patients with blood diseases achieved outstanding therapeutic effects, and can offer full guarantee to symptom relief and safety improvement, thus effectively increasing comprehensive therapeutic effect of patients with blood disease.

Keywords

Blood diseases, Therapeutic hemapheresis, Plasmapheresis D.

Introduction

Recently, therapeutic hemapheresis and plasmapheresis of patients are widely used in clinical treatment and can achieve outstanding clinical effects [1,2]. This study aimed to discuss the clinical value of therapeutic hemapheresis+plasmapheresis to increase the therapeutic effect of patients with blood diseases.

Information and Methods

General information

In this study, 140 patients with blood diseases were chosen in our hospital from November 2015 to August 2017 as the research group. There were 82 males and 58 females who aged from 16~77 y old (55.69 ± 2.35 y in average). Among the 140 patients, 136 patients received the primary treatment, while 4 cases belonged to recurrence. Complete examinations were performed to all patients. Furthermore, 120 patients have leukemia, (40 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, 2 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, 28 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 50 patients of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia), 10 patients have essential thrombocythemia, 10 patients have polycythemia vera, 10 patients have multiple myeloma, and 22 patients have thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Methods

Collection program was set according to diagnosis results and clinical conditions of patients with blood diseases. Before sample collection of patients, routine clinical examination was performed including height, blood routine examination, and weight. Subsequently, double-needle continuous circulation was created at median cubital vein or bilateral femoral vein [3]. Therapeutic hemapheresis includes three types, namely, leukocyte leukapheresis, RBC leukapheresis, and PLT leukapheresis. Leukocyte leukapheresis was accomplished by lymphocyte apheresis or granulocyte apheresis, RBC leukapheresis was accomplished by red blood cell separation program, and PLT leukapheresis was accomplished by thrombocyte separation program [4]. In clinics, 90 patients chose leukocyte leukapheresis and a total of 178 aphereses were performed. All patients had high acute leukemia. Before preparing for treatment, peripheral blood WBC level of patients was 123.8 × 109/L and 639.16 × 109/L. During treatment, blood volume of each treatment was in the range of 5520-7000 ml. Besides, 16 patients chose PLT leukapheresis and a total of 46 aphereses were performed. Before preparing for treatment, peripheral blood PLT level of patients ranged between 1050 × 109/L and 3553 × 109/L [5]. During treatment, blood volume of each treatment was in the range of 4000~5690 ml. Lastly, 12 patients chose median red blood cells, and a total of 14 aphereses were performed. Before preparing for treatment, peripheral blood hemoglobin of patients was tested; it was in the range of 185-202 g/L. During treatment, blood volume of each treatment was in the range of 4000-5690 ml.

During PE operation, time of plasmapheresis was determined according to disease conditions and clinical effect of patients. Each plasmapheresis volume was controlled at 1.0~1.5 times of plasma volume, generally in the range of 1500~3000 ml.

Fresh frozen plasma and normal saline were used as displacement liquid [6]. Moreover, patients were asked to orally take 10% calcium gluconate or offered continuous intravenous drip of mixing 10% 30 ml calcium gluconate into 5% glucose saline. Twenty-two patients had plasmapheresis, and the procedure was performed for a total of 244 times. Specifically, 6 patients had 40-46 times of plasmapheresis, 10 patients had 14-18 times, 1 patient had 26 times, 1 patient had 8 times, and 1 patient had 25 times. After blood separation treatment, all patients were treated by other routine interventions according to symptoms.

Statistical analysis

All observation data were treated by SPSS22.0. Measurement data and enumeration data were expressed in x̄ ± s and %, and were examined by t-test and χ2-test, respectively. P<0.05 indicated statistically significant difference.

Results

Indexes after therapeutic hemapheresis

During RBC leukapheresis, RBC, Hb level, and Hct level of patients decreased significantly compared with those of before the treatment (P<0.05). During leukocyte leukapheresis, PLT level and WBC level of patients declined dramatically compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05). In PLT leukapheresis, the PLT level of patients was considerably lower than that before the treatment (P<0.05). Details are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Groups Cases/times RBC (× 1012/L) Hb (g/L) Hct (%) WBC (× 109/L) PLT (× 109/L)
RBC 12/14 6.19 ± 0.39 202.49 ± 22.39 56.82 ± 3.73 11.69 ± 2.63 245.22 ± 41.35
Leukocyte 90/178 3.16 ± 0.16 99.02 ± 8.13 27.29 ± 2.15 215.29 ± 37.13 208.79 ± 40.25
PLT 16/46 3.69 ± 0.21 116.96 ± 14.95 37.15 ± 0.83 12.59 ± 2.32 961.13 ± 248.85

Table 1. Comparison of clinical indexes before therapeutic hemapheresis (x̄ ± s).

Groups Cases/times RBC (× 1012/L) Hb (g/L) Hct (%) WBC (× 109/L) PLT (× 109/L)
RBC 12/14 4.79 ± 0.29 143.15 ± 12.15 44.83 ± 2.62 10.69 ± 2.15 248.79 ± 42.05
Leukocyte 90/178 2.76 ± 0.19 89.33 ± 5.21 25.29 ± 1.63 45.29 ± 7.15 158.79 ± 39.02
PLT 16/46 3.61 ± 0.30 107.69 ± 11.15 37.15 ± 1.82 11.52 ± 2.43 261.13 ± 68.72

Table 2. Comparison of clinical indexes after therapeutic hemapheresis (x̄ ± s).

Clinical effect after therapeutic hemapheresis

By observing and analyzing therapeutic effect evaluation after therapeutic hemapheresis, the RBC leukapheresis efficiency and PLT leukapheresis efficiency both reached 100.00%, whereas the leukocyte leukapheresis efficiency reached 96.63%, thereby showing outstanding clinical effects. Results are shown in Table 3. Peripheral blood leucocytes of 6 patients with HLL decreased sharply after the treatment. Patients reported mild nausea and dizziness. Therapeutic hemapheresis was continuously offered after the corresponding treatment, which contributed to a sharp reduction of leukocytes. No untoward effects were observed.

Groups Cases/times Significantly effective Effective Ineffective Total efficiency (%)
RBC leukapheresis 12/14 14 0 0 100.00
Leukocyte leukapheresis 90/178 140 32 6 96.63
PLT leukapheresis 16/46 44 2 0 100.00

Table 3. Clinical statistics on total therapeutic effects.

Statistics on PE therapeutic effects

Clinical effects after PE treatment of patients with myeloma are shown in Table 4.

Indexes Before After
ESR (mm/h) 88.83 ± 17.36 49.72 ± 22.29
GLB (g/L) 83.63 ± 15.49 43.69 ± 15.39

Table 4. Statistics on PE therapeutic effect of patients with blood diseases.

Discussion

Therapeutic hemapheresis+plasmapheresis therapy achieved outstanding effect on patients with blood diseases [7]. Based on analysis of treatment principle, therapeutic hemapheresis +plasmapheresis eliminated the pathological components in blood and effectively replaced them by using a blood separator. It supplemented blood volume by replacing liquid and finally relieving disease symptoms significantly [8,9]. This treatment was mainly monitored by computer and the in vitro circulation volume could be reduced dramatically. Moreover, the treatment was safe and had outstanding therapeutic effect.

In this study, RBC, Hb level, and Hct level of patients after RBC leukapheresis decreased significantly compared with those of before the treatment (P<0.05). During leukocyte leukapheresis, PLT and WBC levels of patients declined dramatically compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05). During PLT leukapheresis, PLT level of patients was considerably lower than before the treatment (P<0.05). By observing and analyzing therapeutic effect evaluation after therapeutic hemapheresis, the RBC leukapheresis efficiency and PLT leukapheresis efficiency both reached 100.00%, whereas the leukocyte leukapheresis efficiency reached 96.63%, thereby showing outstanding clinical effects. Peripheral blood leucocytes of 6 patients with HLL decreased sharply after the treatment. Patients reported mild nausea and dizziness. Therapeutic hemapheresis was continuously offered after the corresponding treatment, which contributed to a sharp reduction of leukocytes [10]. No untoward effects were observed. These results proved the clinical value of therapeutic hemapheresis+plasmapheresis therapy.

Conclusion

The therapeutic hemapheresis+plasmapheresis therapy on patients with blood diseases showed outstanding and quick therapeutic effect and effectively increased the comprehensive therapeutic effect on patients with blood disease.

References

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