Current Trends in Cardiology

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Review Article - Current Trends in Cardiology (2023) Volume 7, Issue 4

Cardiac myxoma: the most common primary cardiac tumour in adults

Mariangela Scalise*

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.

*Corresponding Author:
Mariangela Scalise
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine
Magna Graecia University
Catanzaro, Italy.
E-mail: Mariangelascalise@gmail.com

Received:31-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. AACC-23-97855; Editor assigned: 03-Apr-2023,PreQC No. AACC-23-97855(PQ); Reviewed:17-Apr-2023,QC No. AACC-23-97855; Revised:22-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. AACC-23-97855(R); Published:29-Apr-2023,DOI:10.35841/aarrgs-7.4.155

Citation: Scalise M. Cardiac myxoma: the most common primary cardiac tumour in adults. J Cell Biol Metab. 2023;7(4):155.

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Abstract

Cardiovascular myxomas are normal essential neoplasms of the heart. They are organically harmless yet "practically threatening" due to the potential for embolization. They emerge most generally from the left chamber, however no offices of the heart are resistant. They might be irregular in the greater part yet in addition familial as a piece of the Carney complex. Two morphological structures exist: polypoid and papillary. Polypoid myxomas frequently present with obstructive elements, while the papillary structures are more inclined to embolization. Histogenesis is as yet questionable; the ongoing perspective bases on beginning from the crude pluripotent mesenchymal cells.

Keywords

Myxoma, Cardiac tumors, Cardiac surgery.

Introduction

They might be of monster extent, be calcified or get contaminated. Clinical show ordinarily includes the ternion of intracardiac deterrent, embolic occasions and established side effects. Precordial assessment discoveries might reenact those of mitral or tricuspid stenosis. The presence of growth thud and change of the actual discoveries with changing position might help separation between the two. Echocardiography is the examination of decision. Echogenic polypoid or papillary portable mass inside the atrial depression staying joined to the interatrial septum through a tail are the obvious echocardiographic highlights [1].

Myxomas are gradually developing harmless neoplasms and address the most widely recognized cancer of the heart. Embolism from heart myxoma happens in 30-45% of patients and in portion of the cases cerebral corridors are impacted driving for the most part to embolic ischemic strokes and seldom to deferred intracranial aneurysm arrangement. We present two cases with postponed intracranial aneurysmal development 14 years and 18 years after heart myxoma resection. Cardiac myxoma is a relatively rare tumor that arises from the heart's lining, called the endocardium. It is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults and accounts for about 50% of all such tumors. The condition is more prevalent in women than men and usually occurs in the third to seventh decade of life A cardiac myxoma is a non-cancerous tumor that grows slowly and usually does not cause any symptoms initially. However, as the tumor grows, it can cause a range of problems, including obstruction of blood flow, embolization, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Therefore, early detection and prompt treatment of the condition are essential [2].

Causes and risk factors

The exact cause of cardiac myxoma is unknown. However, several factors may increase the risk of developing the condition. These include: Genetic predisposition: A small percentage of cardiac myxomas have a genetic basis, and they tend to occur in families. Carney complex: This is a rare genetic disorder that increases the risk of developing cardiac myxomas and other tumors. Age and gender: Cardiac myxomas are more common in women and tend to occur in middle-aged individuals. History of heart disease: People with a history of heart disease, such as valvular heart disease, may have an increased risk of developing cardiac myxomas [3].

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of cardiac myxoma typically involves a combination of imaging tests and a thorough physical examination. The doctor may perform the following tests to diagnose the condition: Echocardiography: This is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart. It can help identify the presence, size, and location of the tumor. CT scan or MRI: These imaging tests can provide more detailed images of the heart and help evaluate the extent of the tumor and any associated complications. Blood tests: Blood tests may be performed to detect signs of inflammation or infection, which may be present in patients with cardiac myxoma [4].

Treatment

The treatment of cardiac myxoma typically involves surgery to remove the tumor. In some cases, the tumor may be removed through minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or robotic surgery. The type of surgery used will depend on the size and location of the tumor and the patient's overall health. If the tumor is causing obstruction of blood flow or other complications, emergency surgery may be necessary. In some cases, medication may be used to control symptoms such as arrhythmias or heart failure. After surgery, patients may need to undergo regular follow-up visits with their doctor to monitor their recovery and check for any signs of recurrence [5].

Conclusion

Cardiac myxoma is a rare tumour that arises from the heart's lining. It is the most common primary cardiac tumour in adults, and early detection and prompt treatment of the condition are essential. The symptoms of cardiac myxoma can vary depending on the tumour’s size, location, and whether it is obstructing blood flow, and may mimic other heart conditions, making the diagnosis of cardiac myxoma challenging. The diagnosis of cardiac myxoma typically involves a combination of imaging tests and a thorough physical examination. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the tumour, and the type of surgery used will depend on the size and location of the tumour and the patient's overall health. After surgery, patients may need to undergo regular follow-up visits with their doctor to monitor their recovery and check for any signs of recurrence. The majority of patients who undergo surgery to remove the tumour have an excellent prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of around 95%. However, in rare cases, the tumor may recur, requiring additional surgery or other treatments. Patients with a family history of cardiac myxoma or a genetic predisposition to the condition may need to undergo regular screening to detect any signs early on. Overall, awareness and early diagnosis of cardiac myxoma can help improve outcomes for affected individuals.

 

References

  1. Dang QH. Totally Endoscopic Resection of Giant Left Atrial Myxoma Without Robotic Assistance. Innovations (Phila) 2018;13:136-39.

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  2. Onan B. Robotic resection of giant left ventricular myxoma causing outflow tract obstruction.. Robotic resection of giant left ventricular myxoma causing outflow tract obstruction.

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  3. Yang M. Comparison of postoperative quality of life for patients who undergo atrial myxoma excision with robotically assisted versus conventional surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150:152-57.

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  4. Schilling J. Robotic excision of atrial myxoma.. J Card Surg. 2012;27:423-26.

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  5. Sandrini F. Clinical and molecular genetics of Carney complex . Mol Genet Metab. 2003;78:83-92.

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