Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.
Reach Us +44-1518081136

Short Communication - Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics (2023) Volume 7, Issue 1

Cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with hypertensive heart disease

Viseslav Popadic*

Department of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Corresponding Author:
Viseslav Popadic
Department of Cardiology
University of Belgrade, Belgrade
Serbia
E-mail: viselavpopadic@gmail.com

Received: 02-Jan-2023, Manuscript No. AACMT-23-87283; Editor assigned: 03-Jan-2023, PreQC No. AACMT-23-87283(PQ); Reviewed: 14-Jan-2023, QC No. AACMT-23-87283; Revised: 20-Jan-2023, Manuscript No. AACMT-23-87283(R); Published: 28-Jan-2023, DOI:10.35841/aacmt-7.1.134

Citation: Popadic V. Cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with hypertensive heart disease. J Cardiovasc Med Ther. 2023;7(1):134

Hypertension offers a big burden for fitness structures international and is one of the maximum critical cardiovascular threat factors. The prevalence of high blood pressure and its headaches, mainly in West-Balkan countries, is growing. More than 70% of human beings with the primary coronary heart attack, stroke, or first episode of coronary heart failure have blood strain better than 140/ninety mmHg. The effect of untreated and out of control blood strain is simple and might motive headaches on specific goal organs, predominantly kidneys, eyes, brain, peripheral arteries, and additionally the coronary heart. In general, hypertensive coronary heart disorder (HHD) is described with the aid of using the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular systolic and diastolic disorder, and their scientific manifestations. Different pathophysiological mechanisms necessarily result in myocardium transforming and might growth the mortality and cardiac morbidity of sufferers with high blood pressure. Myocardial transforming in those sufferers is the end result of complicated myocardial, cellular, and tissue abnormalities main to modifications withinside the shape, size, and additionally characteristic of the left ventricle, each diastolic and nearby or international systolic. Optimal assessment of myocardial transforming is of incredible importance, now no longer most effective for creating a right analysis however additionally to comply with the effect of the remedy on those sufferers [1].

Left ventricular hypertrophy, as one of the foremost traits of cardiac transforming in sufferers with high blood pressure, is described as an unusual growth in left ventricular mass and is taken into consideration to be a end result of an variation to an multiplied cardiac workload. The foremost pathophysiological mechanisms liable for the development to LV hypertrophy encompass now no longer most effective a reaction to mechanical pressure however additionally the impact of various neurohormones, increase factors, and cytokines. These complicated mechanisms result in myocyte hypertrophy, in addition to myocyte apoptosis, myofibroblast proliferation, and ultimately interstitial fibrosis. Although left ventricle hypertrophy and diastolic or systolic disorder had been marked as the principle traits of hypertensive coronary heart disorder, specific novel diagnostic strategies supplied extra insights into different widespread findings in sufferers with high blood pressure, mainly on diffuse myocardial fibrosis that could precede the above-noted conditions [2].

Myocardial fibrosis in high blood pressure is in the beginning part of cardio protective mechanisms to save you left ventricular dilatation with the aid of using growing ventricular stiffness. This procedure is dwindled in those sufferers, because it results in a collagen overproduction, however without a right defensive impact, which regularly results in the incapacity of the ventricle to relax, inflicting diastolic disorder, and coronary heart failure with each preserved (HFpEF), and afterward, decreased ejection fraction (HFrEF). Currently to be had imaging modalities to nicely estimate those strategies in each the subclinical and scientific levels of the disorder are limited. Cardiac magnetic resonance is a useful, non-invasive, non-radiating imaging modality with great reproducibility and much less inter-observer variability that could offer certain, extra designated statistics on left ventricle volumes and tissue characterization, inclusive of scar quantification and the estimation of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. It has an incredible correlation with 3-d echocardiography and speckle-monitoring echocardiography, mainly withinside the assessment of left ventricle volumes and nearby systolic characteristic. Although it isn't always taken into consideration a golden widespread imaging modality, the usability of cardiac magnetic resonance in hypertensive coronary heart disorder is unquestionable [3].

In this review, we emphasize the rising diagnostic and prognostic function of cardiac magnetic resonance in sufferers with HHD. Cardiac magnetic resonance can offer critical statistics in sufferers with hypertensive coronary heart disorder with its excessive reproducibility, the assessment of systolic and diastolic disorder, and less complicated and quicker assessment of remedy results. It is of incredible price in fibrosis evaluation, ischemia detection, and differentiation of more than one reasons of left ventricular hypertrophy. The maximum critical sequences that might offer essential statistics in sufferers with hypertensive coronary heart disorder are steady-kingdom unfastened precession cine (SSFP), section assessment sequences, T1 and T2 weighted rapid spin-echo and T2 STIR sequences, in addition to T1-weighted perfusion and myocardial past due gadolinium enhancement sequences. Analysis of 3D myocardial lines with tissue tagging gated to diastole is an critical modality in estimating diastolic disorder [4].

Novel diagnostic methods beneath neath cardiac magnetic resonance, inclusive of myocardial tissue mapping with the aid of using the usage of the changed Look-Locker inversionrecuperation collection and the estimation of extracellular quantity fraction are critical withinside the right evaluation of edema, myocardial infiltration, and nearby or diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Obtaining some of these sequences is important withinside the right assessment of wall motion, characteristic and velocity, tissue characterization, edema, and fibrosis evaluation. Although no precise symptoms are set for sufferers with HHD, acting cardiac magnetic resonance may be critical now no longer most effective withinside the early analysis of hypertensive coronary heart disorder however additionally in coming across capacity headaches and following the results of various remedy modalities [5].

References

  1. Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(4):223-37.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Lovic D, Stojanov V, Jakovljevic B, et al. Prevalence of arterial hypertension in Serbia: PAHIS study. J Hypertens. 2013;31(11):2151-7.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. Kjeldsen SE. Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: General aspects. Pharmacol Res. 2018;129:95-9.

    4. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  4. Schmidt B, Dick A, Treutlein M, et al. Intra-and inter-observer reproducibility of global and regional magnetic resonance feature tracking derived strain parameters of the left and right ventricle. Eur J Radiol. 2017;89:97-105.

    5. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  5. Gonzalez A, Ravassa S, Lopez B, et al. Myocardial remodeling in hypertension: toward a new view of hypertensive heart disease. Hypertension. 2018;72(3):549-58.

    6. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Get the App