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Commentary - Research and Reports on Genetics (2023) Volume 5, Issue 4
Aneuploidy: Understanding Genetic Variations and their Impact
Tanya Samarasekera*
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Swiss Federal University, USA
- *Corresponding Author:
- Tanya Samarasekera
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
Swiss Federal University
USA
E-mail:Samar@sekeramonashivf.com
Received:28-Jun-2023,Manuscript No. AARRGS-23-105034; Editor assigned:30-Jun-2023,PreQC No. AARRGS-23-105034(PQ); Reviewed:14-Jul-2023,QC No. AARRGS-23-105034; Revised:18-Jul-2023, Manuscript No. AARRGS-23-105034(R); Published:25-Jul-2023,DOI:10.35841/aarrgs-5.4.157
Citation: Tanya Samarasekera. Aneuploidy: Understanding genetic variations and their impact. J Res Rep Genet.2023;5(4):157
Introduction
Aneuploidy is a condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes within the cells of an organism. It is a significant genetic variation that can occur in both humans and other organisms. Aneuploidy can have profound effects on development, physiology, and overall health. In this article, we will explore the causes, types, and consequences of aneuploidy, as well as its impact on human health. Aneuploidy can arise from various causes, including errors during meiosis or mitosis, exposure to certain environmental factors, and genetic abnormalities. One of the most common causes is nondisjunction, a failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division. This results in an uneven distribution of chromosomes, leading to aneuploid offspring.[1].
Aneuploidy can occur in any chromosome, but some chromosomes are more prone to aneuploidy than others. The most well-known example is Down syndrome (trisomy 21), which is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Other common aneuploidies include trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome). Aneuploidies can also involve sex chromosomes, such as Turner syndrome (monosomy X) and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Aneuploidy can have severe consequences on an organism's development and overall health. The severity of these consequences depends on the specific chromosomes involved and the extent of the imbalance. In many cases, aneuploid embryos do not survive beyond the early stages of development. However, some aneuploid individuals can survive, albeit with varying degrees of physical and intellectual disabilities. These disabilities may include developmental delays, cognitive impairments, organ malformations, and an increased risk of certain medical conditions.[2].
Aneuploidy is a significant contributor to human genetic disorders. Down syndrome, as mentioned earlier, is one of the most prevalent chromosomal disorders, occurring in approximately 1 in 700 live births. It is characterized by distinct facial features, intellectual disabilities, and an increased risk of heart defects, leukemia, and early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Apart from Down syndrome, other aneuploidies can have equally severe consequences. Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome, for example, often lead to life-threatening complications and significantly reduced life expectancy. Aneuploidies involving sex chromosomes, such as Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, can result in infertility, hormonal imbalances, and various physical and developmental issues.[3].
The diagnosis of aneuploidy is typically made through prenatal screening or diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound, amniocentesis, or Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS). Advances in genetic testing techniques have enabled early detection and diagnosis of aneuploidies with higher accuracy and reduced risk. Treatment options for aneuploidy are limited, and there is no cure for these conditions. However, management strategies can help improve the quality of life for affected individuals. These strategies may include early interventions, specialized educational programs, supportive therapies, and addressing associated medical conditions. Aneuploidy is a complex genetic variation that can have profound effects on individuals and society as a whole. While significant progress has been made in understanding aneuploidy and its impact on human health, there is still much to learn. Further research into the underlying causes, prevention, and treatment of aneuploidy is crucial for improving outcomes and providing better support for individuals.[4,5].
References
- Rajagopalan HAneuploidy and cancer.Nat. 2004;432(7015):338-41..
- Orr BAneuploidy. Cur Biol. 2015;25(13):R538-42.
- Hassold T, Hunt P.To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy. Nat Rev Gen. 2001;2(4):280-91.
- Ganem NJ.Tetraploidy, aneuploidy and cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev.2007;17(2):157-62.
- Torres EM Aneuploidy: cells losing their balance. Gen. 2008;179(2):737-46.
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