Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Health

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Case Report - Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Health (2019) Volume 3, Issue 1

An interdisciplinary treatment approach of a unilateral cleft lip and palate adult: A case report

Rajesh Murugan Ramachandra1*, Manjula WS1, Kannan MS1, Nithya Murugan2

1Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai

2General Dentist, Chennai

Corresponding Author:
Rajesh Murugan Ramchandran
Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital
Chennai, India
Tel: 9841124950
E-mail: drrajeshmurugan@gmail.com

Accepted Date: August 10th, 2018

Citation: Ramachandra RM, Manjula WS, Kannan MS, et al. An interdisciplinary treatment approach of a unilateral cleft lip and palate adult: A case report. J Clin Dentistry Oral Health. 2018;3(1):1-4.

Abstract

An adult female patient, age 36 years, with a mild convex profile, operated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), severe crowded upper anterior, partially edentulous was referred for orthodontic treatment. After a detailed review of her pretreatment records, both surgical and non-surgical treatment plans were presented to the patient, who opted for a non-surgical interdisciplinary approach. Patient’s 3-dimensional malocclusion required decrowding and derotation of upper anterior, periodontal and prosthodontics consultations and treatment. In addition to comprehensive orthodontic therapy, MBT prescription 0.022 × 0.028 “appliances were used to level, align and to establish a Class I relationship. After the orthodontic treatment, a combined periodontal and prosthodontics approach was used to enhance the patients esthetic and functional outcomes. The treatment goals of establishing proper occlusion, normal function, better esthetics, and a stable relationship was achieved. The purpose of this clinical case presentation is to demonstrate that an interdisciplinary treatment approach can significantly improve the transverse and antero-posterior discrepancies and achieve a satisfactory occlusion with a balanced soft tissue profile in adult patients with UCLP.

Keywords

Cleft lip and palate, Orthodontic treatment, Interdisciplinary approach, Adult patient.

Introduction

Patient with complex problems like-pathological migration of teeth, severe anterior proclination and molar mesial inclination due to localized aggressive periodontitis, missing teeth and tooth with pathology are treated by an interdisciplinary approach method. Interdisciplinary approach is more common for patients with mutilated dentition. The role of orthodontist in such an interdisciplinary treatment approach can be of primary or secondary depending on patient’s need [1-4].

Primary role is, in a case wherein, an orthodontic patient requires other adjunctive specialty treatment. Secondary role, as in case where the orthodontic treatment rendered is an adjunct to other treatment planned. For example like in the case of space creation or tooth up righting to facilitate prosthetic replacement of missing teeth [5-7].

Diagnosis and Etiology

An adult South Indian female patient (age 36 years and 9 months) came to the Department of Orthodontics and Orthopedics of Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University for orthodontic evaluation, by the reference from Department of Prosthodontics, for her severely rotated maxillary anterior tooth and mesially inclined lower posterior teeth. Patient’s chief complaint, was the un-esthetic appearance of her face. She was born with non-syndromic left unilateral cleft lip and palate. Patient had a history of surgery done for her UCLP at an early age, but does not have any previous records. Patient also had a history of periodontal regenerative therapy, 3 years back in the same institution. Loss of incisal stop due to severely rotated maxillary left central incisor, lead to mobility of lower anterior which were later removed. (Figure 1a and b)

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Figure 1a: Pre-Treatment-Extra Oral.

clinical-dentistry-trials-Intra-Oral

Figure 1b: Pre-Treatment- Intra Oral.

The panoramic radiograph showed endodontic treatment of mandibular canine, right first and second molars and also revealed generalized, moderate, bone loss [7-10].

Treatment Objectives

Goals of the treatment were to establish a more balanced soft tissue profile. Dentally, the goals were to derotate the maxillary left central incisor, level and align the dental arches and enhance the intercuspation. To achieve these objectives, the following treatment was planned [11-13].

1. A 0.022 slot MBT appliance was used to initially align the dental arches.

2. Mesially in and distally out maxillary left central incisor (1800 rotation) would be derotated.

3. Fixed prosthesis for lower anterior (both central and lateral incisors) would be placed after the orthodontic treatment.

4. Retention would be needed.

Treatment Alternatives

The treatment of correcting the severely rotated maxillary left central incisor is by camouflaging with endodontic treatment, i.e., zirconium crown, was presented to the patient, but she declined. The risk of derotating periodontally compromised tooth, particularly loss of attachment and devitalisation, were discussed with the patient to provide complete informed consent [14].

Treatment Progress

After the diagnosis was completed, a treatment plan was developed, using a team approach with members from periodontics, endodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics. The initial plan involved periodontal disease treatment. Fullmouth and root planning were performed in 2 appointments. Endodontic treatment done in mandibular canines, first and second molars.

Orthodontic therapy included de-rotation of maxillary left central incisor and up-righting the mandibular canines and premolars to maintain edentulous space for prosthesis [15- 17].

The orthodontic treatment took approximately 10 months. After treatment of derotation and space maintaining, prosthesis were placed.

Discussion

The treatment for a cleft patient is challenging because of the difficulties underlying like malformed bone, dental abnormalities, necessity of interdisciplinary involvement and the need for excellent patient cooperation. Several orthodontic approaches are available to de-rotate maxillary anterior. It can be done by: power chain-over rotation tie, piggy-back and ligature tie. For this patient, a fixed appliance with MBT prescription was chosen for initial leveling and aligning. Because of rotated maxillary left central incisor, a Begg’s central incisor bracket was bonded. Over rotation tie is given with power chain (closed) engaging bracket from the mesial in side towards the distal out and wraps around the tooth to engage the right central, lateral incisor and canine with light forces. Slight extrusion of the tooth is seen as it derotates which is corrected by piggy-back tie. As the rotation almost gets corrected, Begg’s bracket is replaced by MBT bracket. For the de-rotation, it took about two months’ time [18-20].

Initial leveling and alignment was achieved with 0.016 in NiTi archwire.0.017×0.025 in NiTi archwire. 0.017×0.025 in S.S arches wire (Figure 2).

clinical-dentistry-trials-Intra-Oral

Figure 2: Mid-Treatment – Intra Oral.

Proper expression of tip and torque were achieved with 0.019×0.025 in S.S arch wire. In mandibular arch, it results in up righting of canine and premolars which leads to maintenance of edentulous space for replacement of prosthesis, after the orthodontic treatment.

A number of studies have demonstrated that orthodontic treatment can improve the periodontal situation in UCLP patients by providing good function and improved esthetics after alignment. Tooth rotation and intrusion in our patient not only reduced the potential for trauma to these teeth, but also improved the gingival relationship.

Since mandibular right and left canine had a good root structure with moderate alveolar bone support, prosthodontist decided to use them as abutment tooth for prosthetic bridge placement. Adequate dental alignment and leveling, as well as maxillary and mandibular midline symmetry were also established. This successful interdisciplinary treatment improved patient’s masticatory function, speech and smile esthetics.

After achieving proper balanced functional esthetics, postoperative OPG radiograph was done. As satisfactory tip and torque achieved, the patient was referred to the Department of Prosthodontics, without debonding of brackets from both the arches [21,22] (Figure 3a and b).

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Figure 3a: Post Treatment- Extra Oral.

clinical-dentistry-trials-Intra-Oral

Figure 3b: Post Treatment – Intra Oral.

Conclusion

Our case report describes the challenges in the treatment of adult UCLP patient. The proposed objectives of normal function such as speech, masticatory function, and better esthetics were achieved by interdisciplinary treatment. Although the maxillary left central incisor showed severe rotation before treatment, good result was achieved by the labial orthodontic treatment and the edentulous space management by prosthodontist with Zirconium Bridge showed good stability and pronunciation. Constant interaction between the team members and the patient, at all level of treatment are the key to success of interdisciplinary treatment approach.

References

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