+1 (629)348-3199Short Communication - Journal of Public Health and Nutrition (2022) Volume 5, Issue 1
Actions designed to change population health determinants and preventing the establishment of factors.
Muhammad Yusuf*
Department of Medical Oncology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
- Corresponding Author:
- Muhammad Yusuf
Department of Medical Oncology
University of Karachi, Pakistan
E-mail: muhammadyusuf@uok.edu.pak
Received: 03-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. AAJPHN-22-103; Editor assigned: 05-Jan-2022, Pre QC No. AAJPHN-22-103(PQ); Reviewed: 19-Jan-2022, QC No. AAJPHN-22-103; Revised: 22-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. AAJPHN-22-103(R); Published: 29-Jan-2022, DOI: 10.35841/aajphn- 5.1.103
Citation: Yusuf M. Actions designed to change population health determinants and preventing the establishment of factors. J Pub Health Nutri. 2022; 5(1):103
Introduction
Thinking about health and health care is a very personal matter for most people. As stated in, America's health status does not correspond to the country's significant health investments. In addition to dramatic change, systemic difficulties, and challenging societal norms and influences, the work of maintaining the nation's health faces significant challenges. Given these concerns, the committee argues that national health policy, which has traditionally been based on a concern for personal health care and biological research that helps individuals, must be transformed [1].
To better address the nation's social, economic, and cultural contexts at the national, state, and local levels, the country's efforts must include more than simply the conventional sectors of government public health agencies and the health-care delivery system. The construction of an effective intersectoral public health system, as indicated in the preceding paragraphs, is required. Furthermore, the public health system's efforts must be bolstered by political will, which comes from elected officials who commit resources and influence based on evidence, as well as "healthy" public policy, which comes from governmental agencies that consider health implications when developing agriculture, education, commerce, labour, transportation, and foreign policy.
The justification for a new approach to population health concerns is described in this chapter. This method identifies significant health determinants and gives evidence for their consideration in building successful national plans to ensure population health and promote the development of a public health system that combines the capabilities and resources of various sectors and partners.
Determinants of health
Determinants of health are a group of personal, social, economic, and environmental elements that influence one's health. Individual and population health is determined by the interrelationships between these components. Health determinants extend beyond traditional health care and public health sectors; education, housing, transportation, agriculture, and the environment can all play a role in promoting population health [2].
Individual and population health are influenced by policies at the local, state, and federal levels. Increasing tobacco sales taxes, for example, can benefit public health by lowering the number of people who smoke.
Some policies have long-term effects on entire communities while also assisting individuals in changing their behaviour. The Federal Government, for example, is empowered to create and control standards for motor vehicles and roadways under the 1966 Highway Safety Act and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act. As a result, automotive safety requirements, such as seat belts, have been raised, which has resulted in a reduction in the number of injuries and deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents.
Social factors
The social and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born; live, study, play, work, and age are reflected in social determinants of health. They have an impact on a wide range of health, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes, and are also known as social and physical determinants of health.
Social determinants
Access to resources to meet everyday requirements, such as educational and employment opportunities, adequate earnings, and nutritious diets.
Social norms and attitudes, such as prejudice [3].
Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the appearance of rubbish.
Exposure to the media and new technology like as the Internet and cell phones.
Quality schools.
Transportation alternatives.
Socioeconomic factors, such as concentrated poverty.
Residential segregation.
Public safety.
Physical determinants
Plants, weather, or climate change in the natural environment.
Workplaces, schools, and recreational environments.
Built environment, such as buildings or transportation.
Housing, residences, and communities.
Toxic substances and other physical dangers are present. Aesthetic features, such as good lighting, trees, or benches. Physical barriers, particularly for individuals with disabilities [4].
Individual’s interactions with their social and physical environments can exacerbate poor health outcomes. Millions of people in the United States, for example, live in areas with harmful amounts of ozone or other pollutants in the air. When compared to state and national norms, counties with high ozone pollution had a greater prevalence of asthma in both adults and children.
Health services
Access to health services as well as the quality of those services can have an impact on one's health. Access to health services is a problem addressed directly in Healthy People 2021, and quality of health services is incorporated into a number of topic areas.
Individual behaviour
Individual behaviour has an impact on health consequences as well. A person's risk of acquiring heart disease is considerably lowered if he or she quits smoking, for example. Individual behaviours such as substance misuse, diet, and physical activity are the focus of many public health and health-care programmes. Individual behaviour improvements can help to lower chronic disease rates in the United States. Lack of or limited access to health care has a significant impact on a person's health. Individuals without health insurance, for example, are less likely to engage in preventative care and are more inclined to postpone medical treatment [5].
References
- Adler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, et al. Socioeconomic status and health: the challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol. 1994;49(1):15-24.
- Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Manson JE, et al. Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States. JAMA. 1999;282(16):1530–8.
- Glied S. Youth tobacco control: reconciling theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Health Economics. 2002; 21(1):117-35.
- AndersonRT,SorlieP,BacklundE,etal. Mortalityeffectsofcommunitysocioeconomicstatus. Epidemiology. 1997;8(1):42-47.
- Backlund E, Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ.The shape of the relationship between income and mortality in the United States: evidence from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study.Annals of Epidemiology. 1996;6(1):12-20.
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