Journal of Food Microbiology

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.
Reach Us +1 (202) 780-3397

Short Communication - Journal of Food Microbiology (2023) Volume 7, Issue 5

A structural and functional investigation of the interactions between Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid.

Akio Naimi *

Department of Bacteriology, Juntendo University, Japan

*Corresponding Author:
Akio Naimi
Department of Bacteriology
Juntendo University
Japan
E-mail: naimi@aki12.jp

Received:25-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. AAFMY -23-112905; Editor assigned:28-Aug-2023, PreQC No. AAFMY -23-112905 (PQ); Reviewed:11-Sep-2023, QC No. AAFMY -23-112905; Revised:16-Sep-2023, Manuscript No. AAFMY -23-112905 (R); Published:23-Sep-2023, DOI:10.35841/ / aafmy-7.5.165

Citation: Naimi A. A structural and functional investigation of the interactions between Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid. J Food Microbiol. 2023;7(5):165

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Food Microbiology

Introduction

Staphylococcus aureus, frequently referred to as S. aureus, is a common and adaptable bacterium that plays a significant role in both microbiology and human health. The Staphylococcaceae family includes this gram-positive, spherical-shaped bacteria, which is well known for its versatility and propensity to flourish in a variety of habitats, including the human body. S. aureus is a commensal bacterium that is frequently found on human skin and mucous membranes, but it may also develop into a dangerous pathogen that can lead to a variety of illnesses, from mild skin disorders to fatal diseases. It poses a serious risk in healthcare settings and elsewhere due to its propensity to produce a variety of virulence factors and the development of antibiotic resistance [1].

A dangerous human pathogen renowned for its capacity to cause a broad range of infections, from skin and soft tissue infections to serious bloodstream and respiratory infections, is the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The intricate cell wall structure, which is made up of lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan, is essential to its pathogenicity. Exploring possible treatment targets and understanding the biology of this bacterium depend on an understanding of the interactions between these elements [2].

The complex and dynamic cell wall of S. aureus is crucial for preserving cell integrity, shape, and resistance to environmental stressors. The two main elements that make up the majority of it are lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan. The Support System of the Cell Wall.N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) are repeating units that are joined together by peptide bridges to form a polymer known as peptididoglycan. The cell wall is strengthened by this hard structure, which also serves as a scaffold for other parts. A distinctive amphiphilic molecule called lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane and extends into the peptidoglycan layer. It can play crucial roles in host-pathogen interactions and has a polyglycerolphosphate backbone with different alterations [3].

Peptidoglycan and LTA interact in a variety of ways that are essential to the cell wall's structural integrity. Several facets of these relationships have been clarified by recent study. The stability of the cell wall is aided by the covalent cross-linking of peptididoglycan and LTA. LTA can prevent the host immune system from recognizing peptidoglycan, assisting in immune evasion. The regulation of S. aureus virulence factors, such as toxin generation, is linked to the interaction between peptidoglycan and LTA [4].

Potential treatment Implications The interactions between LTA and peptidoglycan give up possibilities for creating new treatment approaches. By focusing on these interactions, one might be able to weaken the cell wall's stability and make S. aureus more vulnerable to new or existing antibiotics [5].

Conclusion

Still a hazardous human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus demands our whole focus and understanding of its intricate biology. Its interactions with peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid are largely responsible for its virulence and pathogenicity. As research attempts to explain the structural and functional complexity of these interactions, we are moving closer to developing ground-breaking approaches to cure S. aureus infections and minimize their detrimental impact on human health. Future studies into these bacterial cell wall molecular dances may result in more effective therapies and better patient outcomes.

References

  1. Lovering AL, Lin LY, Sewell EW, et al. Structure of the bacterial teichoic acid polymerase TagF provides insights into membrane association and catalysis. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010;17(5):582-9.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Moreillon P, Majcherczyk PA. Proinflammatory activity of cell-wall constituents from gram-positive bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis. 2003;35(9):632-41.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. Wu X, Kwon SJ, Kim D, et al. Unprotonated short chain alkylamines inhibit staphylolytic activity of lysostaphin in a wall teichoic acid-dependent manner. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018;84(14):e00693-18.

    4. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  4. Mnich ME, van Dalen R, Gerlach D, et al. The C?type lectin receptor MGL senses N?acetylgalactosamine on the unique Staphylococcus aureus ST395 wall teichoic acid. Cell Microbiol. 2019;21(10):e13072.

    5. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  5. Morath S, Stadelmaier A, Geyer A, et al. Synthetic lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus is a potent stimulus of cytokine release. J experim med. 2002;195(12):1635-40.

    6. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Get the App