Research Article - Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology (2021) Novel Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Ocular Disease

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding home care management of cataract surgery among postoperative patients.

Muthupriya, AR Bharathi^*

Department of Nursing, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai-600073, Tamil Nadu, India

Corresponding Author:

Dr. AR Bharathi
Department of Nursing
Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Selaiyur
Chennai- 600073
Tamil Nadu,
India
Email: bharathiar.75@gmail.com

Accepted date: 06 October, 2021

Citation: Muthupriya, Bharathi AR. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding home care management of cataract surgery among postoperative patients. J Clin Ophthalmol. 2021;5(S5):464-46

Abstract

The descriptive study was carried out find the effectiveness postoperative care. Simple random sampling was used, 30 male and female subjects with cataract patient admitted in Balaji hospital Hospital, Chennai-45. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistical method. The findings of the study shows that there is 40% had inadequate knowledge, 53.4% moderate knowledge and 6.6% had adequate knowledge regarding cataract patient. The living bodies have been characterized with a number of automated processes, which make them self-sustainable in the natural environment. Among these many processes is that of reproduction, adjustment with external environment, and instinct to live, which are gifted by nature to living beings. The research findings show that adult population had inadequate knowledge about cataract patient.

Keywords

Cataract surgery, Mineral ions, Blindness, Visual sensation.

Introduction

The human organism consists of trillions of cells all working together for the maintenance of the entire organism. While cells may perform very different functions, all the cells are quite similar in their metabolic requirements. Maintaining a constant internal environment with all that the cells need to survive (oxygen, glucose, mineral ions, waste removal, and so forth) is necessary for the well-being of individual cells and the wellbeing of the entire body [1-3]. The varied processes by which the body regulates its internal environment are collectively referred to as homeostasis [4]. World health organization has a target towards vision to demolish blindness by the year 2020 with the mission of the right to sight cataract is he most frequent causes of blindness in developing countries cataract occurs due to few factors such as age, hereditary and trauma polack says that cataract will alter and impact the life style of elderly people this will affect them physicall and mentally [5,6].

A survey conducted by national eye survey as reported in national eye database year 2009 shows that the prevalence of cataract in the population over 40 year of age was 5.7% [7]. The 4th report of national eye database reported that the number of patient for cataract operation is increasing every year. There were 12.798 patients registered in the year 2002 which is increased to 28, 506 patient in the year 2010. The mean age for cataract surgery is 64 to 65 years [8]. It is also reported that 42.6% cataract surgeries were done at day care centers in the year 2008. 47.2% in 2009 and 51.5% in 2010.

Cataract is the leading cause of treatable blindness and visual impairment worldwide and cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in both developed and developed countries. Several recent studies show that individuals undergoing cataract surgery retain some form of vision during the surgery when patient were asked by different investigators what that saw during the surgery the reported seeing light. One or more colour surgical instrument or surgeons hands such a gap of knowledge is striking to address patient fears, the role of preoperative counseling has been researched with encouraging results.

Several recent studies have recommended that ophthalmologists must be aware of the visual sensation (and their associated anxiety, fear) experienced by patient undergoing cataract surgery. We assessed the knowledge of a group of eye doctors in Pakistan regarding there phenomena, Mohammad zaintauqir, Tanveer Arjumchaudhry, and khabirahmed [9]. They investigate the method of prevention and treatment of the complication of cataract surgery carried out on a large scale concentrated effort in rural hospital they have taken cataract out on a large scale concentrated effort in rural hospital they have taken cataract extraction with combined 10 L implantation of total 385 cases were analysis and interprets the results lOL implanting rate was 86% corneal edema was observed in 8 eyes hemorrhage anterior chamber in 2 eyes secondary glaucoma in 1 eye and 10 L egocentricity in 3 eye.

The corrected visual activity is improved after discharging from the hospital before in pre-operative if was 0.01; the rate of visual activity relived from blindness was the rate of visual satisfaction measured with the type of questionnaire was they high. They concluded bilateral multifocal 10 L. Implantation the effective and safe in selected cataract patient. Providing very good distance and near visual activity. Slightly reduced contraction increased compromise for near as well as distance vision improvement [10-12].

In their article to describe a new, highly accurate which, technique to increase accuracy in the self-administration of eye drops. International care series the times required the number of drops separated from the bottle, and location of drops landing points on ete were recorded the patient were then instructed in a new technique for instillation guided through the procedure once and allowed to practice until comfortable with it all measurements were interpreted that show in patients with loss of fixation in one eye in an additional 3.2 1.4 second were require to unstill a drop using the new techniques dispensed decreased by 0.1% 0.6 drops (p=60 paired ‘t’ test: Range -2-1 drops). The accuracy of drops placement increased from 80% to 82.5% (p=32 caused test) in subjects with loss of fixation in both eyes using the new techniques increased the time needed to instill a drops by 3.8=7.3 .8 seconds ps 004 11 paired “t” test range 3-13 second. The average number of drops dispended decreased by 0.1-0.6 drops (p=25). Paired “t” test range 2-1 drops. The accuracy of placement, increased from 63.0%-85.0% (p=001), paired “t” test. It concluded that technique of drops instillation may be for patient with significant visual impairment in both eyes, British journal of Ophthalmology reports that some people have wrongly apply the drops by using touching the tip of the eye [13].

Methodology

General information

Research Methodology provides a brief description of the method adopted by the investigator in the study. The methodology of research refers to the principles and ideas on which the researchers base their procedures and strategies. It includes the research approach, design, population, sampling technique, development and description of the tools and intervention, pilot study report, procedure for data collections and data analysis.

The study is aimed at to assess the knowledge and practice regarding post-operative care among home care management of cataract patient. The nature of the research problem and availability of the subjects guided the selection of research approach. A Quantitative Approach was adopted in this study as the investigation designing a research study involves the development of plan or strategy what will guide the collection and analysis of data. The research design is a plan, structure and strategy of investigations of answering the research question. It is all overall plan or the blue print the researcher selected to carry out the study. In view of the nature of the problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, used to assess the knowledge and practice regarding post-operative care among home care management of cataract patient in Balaji Hospital. The research design applied for the study was descriptive research design.

Demographic variable

Age, sex, religion, marital status, educational status of the patient, occupation of the patient, income, dietary pattern and medical related information.

Study population

Population is the entire universe of individuals, objects and events potentially available for the research study. In this study, the population includes all subjects with post-operative care among cataract patient of Eye Ward.

Sample: Total sample of the study consist of 30 who fulfils the inclusion criteria

Sample size: The sample size for this study is composed 30.

Sampling technique: Probability Sampling Technique- Simple random sampling-lottery method used.

Criteria for sample selection

Inclusion criteria:

• Subjects who are able to follow instructions.

• Both male and female subjects between 45 to 60 years of age.

• Subjects willing to participate in the study.

• Subjects with ability to understand Tamil or English.

Exclusion criteria: Subjects those who are not present during the time of data collection.

Results

Data analysis is the method of organizing data in such a way that the research question can be answered. Interpretation is the process of making sense of results and of examining the implications of the findings within a border context. This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data collected from subjects with cataract. The data collected was edited, tabulated, interpreted and findings obtained were presented in the form of tables and diagrams represent the following headings.

Table 1 show the distribution of adult population. The old patients who belongs to 45-50 years were 4(13.4%) and 50-55 years were 6(20%) 55-60 years were 6(20%) and above 60 years were 14(46.6%).

Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of adult population according to their age.

Table 2 show the distribution of adult population according to the type of sex. Male 14(46.6%) and female 16(53.4%).

Table 2. Frequency and percentage distribution of adult population according to their sex.

Table 3 Show the frequency and percentage distribution of adult population according the occupation. Unemployed 19(63.3%). Government 3(10%) private 8(26.7%).

Table 3. Frequency and percentage distribution of adult population according to the occupation.

Table 4 Show the distribution of adult population according to their family income. Below Rs. 1000, 5(16.7%) Rs. 1000-2000, 12(40%) Rs. 2000-3000, 8(26.6%) and above Rs. 3000, 5(16.7%).

Table 4. Frequency and percentage distribution of adult population according to their family income.

Table 5 Shows the distribution of adult population according to the knowledge level. Inadequate knowledge level (<5), 12(40%), Moderate Adequate knowledge level (5-9), 16(53.4%), Adequate knowledge level (>10), 2(6.6%).

Table 5. Frequency and percentage distribution of level of knowledge of adult population about home care management of cataract surgery among postoperative patients.

Discussion

The chapter to discuss the findings of the study as per objectives these findings are discussed under the following headings. Assess demographic characteristics of the adult population. Assess the knowledge of adult population regarding the cataract surgery among postoperative patients.

Distribution of population according to their age group depicts that the highest percentage (46.6%) were in the age group above 60 years [14]. The highest numbers of adult population (63.3%) were doing unemployed. Most of the adult population (40%) were getting the family income of Rs.1000-2000 per, majority of the adult population (73.4%) were living in urban area. Majority of (53.3%) had illiterate [15].

The data analysis showed that knowledge regarding cataract surgery among postoperative patient among adult population were 12 (40%) had inadequate knowledge and (53.4%) had ~J moderately adequate knowledge and 246.6% had adequate knowledge regarding cataract surgery among postoperative patients The study was done to assess the knowledge regarding cataract surgery among postoperative patients admitted in Balaji hospital, Chennai [16-18]. The subjects were selected by Convenience sampling technique. The sample size was 30. The tools used for the study were demographic variables and structured knowledge questionnaire. In modem era it is very important to understand the satisfaction and the needs of the patients. The student should be motivated to be deliberate in observing and purposefully talk with the patients in order to attend the customer grievances to the best. Thus assessing the level of satisfaction helps to unveil the obvious and convert aspect of patient’s satisfaction and may help to form realistic suggestion for enhancing quality care. The nurse administrator should determine the student commitment to the hospital communication effectively to all levels of supervisors so that gradual development of professionalism of existing students takes place [9]. The nurse administrator should create the mutual trust and respect among student for better team spirit suggestion boxes must be kept and the staff should be motivated to attend to remarks made by the customers thus enhancing the public relationship [12].

A regular training of nursing staff can be initiated to develop patient promptness among the caregivers. The suggestions and recommendation given by patients can be utilized by other researcher for studies in the same filed the outcome may sever as a guideline in preparing model in order to improve the nursing care. Many researcher should be taken in this filed so that it paves way to render evidenced base nursing care [18]. A replication on the present study can be conducted for a large group. A study can be conducted to evaluate the effective of the structured teaching program on home care management of cataract surgery among adult population.

Conclusion

World health organization has a target towards vision 2020 to demolish blindness by the year 2020 with the mission of the right to sight cataract is he most frequent causes of blindness in developing countries cataract occurs due to few factors such as age, hereditary and trauma polack says that cataract will alter and impact the life style of elderly people this will affect them physical and mentally. A survey conducted by national eye survey as reported in national eye database year 2009 shows that the prevalence of cataract in the population over 40 year of age was 5.7%. Based on the findings of the study the following conclusions were drawn.

The existing knowledge of adult population regarding cataract surgery among postoperative patient among adult population were 12 (40%) had inadequate knowledge and 16 (53.4%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 2 (6.6%) had adequate knowledge regarding cataract surgery among postoperative patients. Education about the home care management of cataract the important aspect in nursing practice for effective education the nurse should gain knowledge about home care management.

Funding

No funding sources

Ethical Considerations

The study was conducted after the approval of the Head of the Department, BIHER. Informed consent was obtained from each study participant after giving full information about the study. Anonymity was assured to each participant and maintained by the researcher.

Ethical Approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

The encouragement and support from Bharath University, Chennai, is gratefully acknowledged. For provided the laboratory facilities to carry out the research work.

References

1. Allison TG, Reger WE. Comparison of responses of men to immersion in circulating water at 40.0 and 41.5 degrees C. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998; 69: 845-50.
2. Corrard F. Ways to reduce fever: Are luke-warm water baths still indicated? Arch Pediatr. 2002; 9: 311-5.
3. Atkinson PR, Boyle A, Hartin D, et al. Is hot water immersion an effective treatment for marine envenomation? Emerg Med J. 2006; 23: 503-8.
4. Axelrod P. External cooling in the management of fever. J Clin Infect Di. 2000; 31: S224-9.
5. Corrard F. Ways to reduce fess ver: Are luke-warm water baths will indicated? American J Phys Med Rehabil. 1997; 76: 204-7.
6. Mohammed FA, Ahmed EI. A comparison of vinegar compresses vs. cold water and water with vinegar for treating of fever at tropical hospitals. Int J Nurs Sci. 2012; 2: 38-46.
7. Fink EL, Kochanek PM, Clark RS, et al. Fever control and application of hypothermia using intravenous cold saline. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012; 13: 80.
8. Gass EM, Gass GC. Thermoregulatory responses to repeated warm water immersion in subjects who are paraplegic. Spinal Cord. 2001; 39: 149-55.
9. Giesbrecht GG, Christopher J, Farrell C. Cooling hyperthermic firefighters by immersing forearms and hands in 10 C and 20 C water. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007; 78: 561-7.
10. Hay AD, Redmond NM, Costelloe C, et al. Paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children: The PITCH randomised controlled trial. Clin Gov Int J. 2009; 13: 1-63.
11. Hishinuma M, Hiramatsu N, Kasuga M, et al. The effect on bowel sounds of very hot compresses applied to the lumbar region. Nihon Kango Kagakkai shi. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 1997; 17: 32-9.
12. Klastersky J. Management of fever in neutropenic patients with different risks of complications. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39: S32-7.
13. O'Donnell J, Axelrod P, Fisher C, et al. Use and effectiveness of hypothermia blankets for febrile patients in the intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis. 1997; 24: 1208-13.
14. Khalifa MI. Impact of an educational program based on evidence related to Fever management. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2007; 82: 419-35.
15. Kurabayashi H, Kubota K, Machida I, et al. Effective physical therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Pilot Study of Exercise in Hot Spring Water. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1997; 76: 204-7.
16. Liao WC. Effects of passive body healing on body temperature on deep regulation in the elderly: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2002; 39: 803-10.
17. Loten C, Stokes B, Worsley D. A randomised controlled trial of hot water (45°C) immersion versus ice packs for pain relief in bluebottle stings. Med J Aust. 2006; 184: 329-33.
18. Lundgren JP, Henriksson O, Pretorius T, et al. Field torso-warming modalities: A comparative study using a human model. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009; 13: 371-8.