Case Report - Otolaryngology Online Journal (2016) Volume 6, Issue 2

A Case of Epistaxis ? Hemangioma of Nose

*Corresponding Author:

Sagar Mortha
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mamata Medical College, NTR University Of Health Sciences, Khammam,Telangana, India
Tel: 9490017878
Email: sagarmortha@gmail.com

Received: March 08, 2016; Accepted: March 21, 2016; Published: March 25, 2016

Abstract

Hemangioma of nose is rare clinical entity .This poster is to report a case of such nasal hemangioma in a 42 yr old female which presented with epistaxis of 1 month duration. The diagnosis was made on HPE, CT angiography showing anterior ethmoidal artery and sphenopalatine artery as its feeders.

Keywords

Hemangioma, Sphenopalatine artery, Bleeding nasal mass, Anterior ethmoidal artery, Epistaxsis.

Introduction

Hemangiomas account for about 20% of all benign neoplasms of the nasal cavity. Hemangioma of the nasal cavity occurs most commonly on the septum (65%), lateral wall (18%), and vestibule (16%) [1]. Nasal hemangiomas mostly arise from the soft tissues of the nasal cavity. Haemangiomas are predominantly capillary and are found attached to the nasal septum. Cavernous haemangiomas, on the other hand, are more likely to be found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [2] (Figures 1,2).

Case-report

42 years old female presented to the Out Patient department with chief complaints of bleeding from right nasal cavity since 1 week which is sudden, intermittent and profuse. Past history revealed similar complaints which subsided on medication.

She had taken tranexemic acid injections which stopped the bleeding (Figure 3). On Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy right nasal cavity showed black colored fleshy mass which bleeds on touch. Left nasal cavity was normal. Nasopharynx showed blackish mass. Biopsy was taken from right nasal cavity which revealed to be clots (Supplimentary Data). Second biopsy reported heamangioma with organized and recanalised thrombus, no evidence of malignancy.

CT SCANS

Figure 1: Arrow showing haemangiomatic mass.

Figure 2: Arrow showing haemangiomatic mass.

The patient was managed with anterior nasal packings, pro coagulants, parenteral iron therapy and two blood transfusions. Initially Hb was 5.3 gm% at the time of admission, which was improved to 10.8 gm%.

CT ANGIOGRAPHY

Figure 3: Arrow denoting feeding vessel.

On CT soft tissue attenuation noted in right nasal cavity with loss of right turbinal differentiation and is extending into right maxillary sinus, ethmoidal sinus.

On CECT multiple tortuous vessels are seen traversing the lesion (Figure 3).

Angiography revealed it to be a heamangioma. As embolisation techniques are not available the patient was referred to higher centre.

Discussion

Haemangiomas are benign vascular tumors, which originate in the skin, mucosae and deep structures such as bones, muscles and glands. Vascular lesions are divided into hemangiomas and vascular or lymphatic malformations. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies has defined hemangioma as a benign vascular tumor [3]. The main difference between hemangiomas and vascular malformations is increased cell turnover in hemangioma. It has been reported that over 20% of the benign nonepithelial tumors involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx are capillary hemangiomas and those originating in the turbinates mucosa are often cavernous, with tendency to grow in a lateral direction [4]. This vascular tumor has a slow course with a tendency to destruction due to its compressive effect.

The differential diagnosis of the nasal haemangiomas includes inverted papilloma, olfactory neuroblastoma, lymphoma, haemangiopericytoma, haemangioendothelioma, arteriovenous fistula, lymphangioma, glomangioma, melanoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic malignancies such as renal cell carcinoma.

In the present case-report bone remodeling with resorption and demineralization was seen indicating the compressive effect of the growth.

Conclusion

Epistaxis is a common symptom and recurrent nasal bleeding requires precise clarification of the cause and exclusion diagnostics prior to therapy planning. It is important here to distinguish between locally induced bland epistaxis and symptomatic epistaxis [5].

References

1. Hoffmann DF, Israel J (1990) “Intraosseous frontal hemangioma”. Head and Neck 12: 160-163.
2. Batsakis JG, Rice DH (1981)The pathology of head and neck tumors: vasoformative tumors, part 9A. Head Neck Surg 3:231-239.
3. Enjiolras O, Mulliken JB (1997)Vascular tumors and vascular malformations (new issues). AdvDermatol 13:375-423.
4. Engel T, Scorner W, Flex R, Witt H, Jahne V (1997) Cavernous hemangioma of the maxillary sinus38:342-344.
5. Marietta H, Jurgen UGH, Ewa R(2002)Endoscopically controlled laser therapy of recurrent epistaxis with the 940nm diode laser. Medical Laser Application 17:231-242.